LED with patterned surface features based on emission field patterns
The escape surface of a light emitting element includes features ( 310 ) that include sloped surfaces ( 312, 314 ) that have angles of inclination that are based on the direction of peak light output from the light emitting element. If the light output exhibits a number of lobes at different directions, the sloped surfaces ( 312, 314 ) may have a corresponding number of different angles of inclination (as in FIGS. 3 b and 3 c ). To minimize the re-injection of light into adjacent features, adjacent features may be positioned to avoid having surfaces that directly face each other. The features may be shaped or positioned to provide a pseudo-random distribution of inclined surfaces across the escape surface, and multiple roughening processes may be used.
1. A light emitting device comprising:
a light emitting element comprising:
an N-type region,
a P-type region,
a light emitting layer that is sandwiched between the N-type region and the P-type region, and
an escape surface in a plane parallel to the light emitting layer, and from which light that is emitted from the light emitting layer is exited;
wherein:
light is emitted within the light emitting element with an angular emission field pattern having at least one lobe at a peak emission angle that is substantially non-orthogonal to a surface of the light emitting layer,
the escape surface includes surface features that include sloped surfaces with slopes corresponding to the emission field pattern of the light emitting element such that substantially all of the light that is emitted within −25° and 0° of the peak emission angle is transmitted directly through the sloped surfaces, and
the surface features are arranged on the escape surface such that a sloped surface of a surface feature faces an edge formed by a pair of intersecting sloped surfaces of a neighboring surface feature.
2. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein an interface between the sloped surfaces and an exterior medium exhibits an escape zone outside of which light is totally internally reflected, and the slopes are arranged to maximize an amount of light that strikes the sloped surfaces within the escape zone.
3. The light emitting device of claim 1 , including a reflector that reflects light from the light emitting layer, toward the escape surface, and arranged so that the emission field pattern is dependent upon a distance between the reflector and the light emitting layer.
4. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the surface features include pyramid features.
5. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the escape surface is roughened.
6. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the surface features include structures that extend above the plane of the escape surface, and pits that extend below the plane of the surface.
7. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the surface features are pseudo-randomly distributed upon the escape surface.
8. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, comprising:
determining a emission field pattern associated with a light emitting element, the light emitting element includes a light emitting layer and an escape surface in a plane parallel to the light emitting layer and from which light is emitted from the light emitting element, the emission field pattern having at least one lobe at a peak emission angle that is substantially non-orthogonal to a surface of the light emitting layer;
determining one or more surface features, each surface feature including sloped surfaces with slopes that correspond to the emission field pattern of the light emitting element such that substantially all the light that is emitted within −25° and 0° of the peak emission angle is directly transmitted through the sloped surfaces, and
creating a plurality of the one or more surface features on the escape surface of the light emitting element, wherein the surface features are arranged on the escape surface such that a sloped surface of a surface feature faces an edge formed by a pair of intersecting sloped surfaces of a neighboring surface feature.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein creating the plurality of surface features includes at least one of etching, milling, and laser slicing.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of surface features include pyramid structures.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein an interface between the sloped surfaces and an exterior medium exhibits an escape zone outside of which light is totally internally reflected, and the slopes are arranged to maximize an amount of light that strikes the sloped surfaces within the escape zone.
12. The method of claim 8 , including roughening at least a portion of the escape surface.
13. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the escape surface further includes minor surface features located in areas between the surface features.
14. The light emitting device of claim 13 , wherein slopes of the minor surface features correspond to other lobes of the emission field pattern of the light emitting element.
15. The light emitting device of claim 14 , wherein the surface features comprise three-sided pyramids.
16. The light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein corners of a surface feature meets corners of neighboring surface features.
17. The light emitting device of claim 16 , wherein the escape surface further includes minor surface features located in flat spaces between the surface features, the minor surface features being inverses of the surface features.
18. The light emitting device of claim 17 , wherein slopes of the minor surface features correspond to other lobes of the emission field pattern of the light emitting element.
19. The light emitting device of claim 18 , wherein the surface features comprise three-sided pyramids.
20. The method of claim 8 , wherein the escape surface further includes minor surface features located in areas between the surface features.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein slopes of the minor surface features correspond to other lobes of the emission field pattern of the light emitting element.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the surface features comprise three-sided pyramids.
23. The method of claim 8 , wherein corners of a surface feature meets corners of neighboring surface features.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the escape surface further includes minor surface features located in flat spaces between the surface features, the minor surface features being inverses of the surface features.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein slopes of the minor surface features correspond to other lobes of the emission field pattern of the light emitting element.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the surface features comprise three-sided pyramids.