Formulations for producing indium oxide-containing layers, process for producing them and their use
View Patent ↗The present invention relates to liquid formulations which can be produced by dissolving at least one indium alkoxide compound which can be prepared by reacting an indium trihalide InX 3 where X=F, Cl, Br, I with a secondary amine of the formula R′ 2 NH where R′=alkyl in a molar ratio of from 8:1 to 20:1 to the indium trihalide in the presence of an alcohol of the generic formula ROH where R=alkyl in at least one solvent, a process for producing them, their use for producing indium oxide-containing or (semi)conducting layers and processes for producing indium oxide-containing layers which use the formulation of the invention.
1. A liquid formulation, comprising:
at least one solvent; and
at least one indium alkoxide compound dissolved in the at least one solvent and having the formula [In 6 (O)(OR) 12 X 6 ] 2− A m z (ROH) x ,
where R= alkyl, X= F, Cl, Br, and/or I, A= cation, z= valency of the cation, m·z= 2and x= 0 to 10.
2. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the indium alkoxide compound has the formula [In 6 (O)(OMe) 12 Cl 6 ] 2− [NH 2 R 2 ] + 2 (MeOH) 2 .
3. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the indium alkoxide compound is included in an amount of from 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total mass of the liquid formulation.
4. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group consisting of a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, an ether, an ester, an aromatic hydrocarbon and a nitrile.
5. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, phenol, 2-methoxyethanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (PGMEA), ethyl benzoate, ethylene glycol diacetate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, toluene, xylene and acetonitrile.
6. The liquid formulation according to claim 5 , comprising at least three solvents;
wherein:
one of the at least three solvents is selected from the group consisting of ethyl lactate, anisole, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol diacetate and ethyl benzoate; and
the other two of the at least three solvents have a boiling point difference of at least 30° C. under standard ambient temperature and pressure conditions.
7. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , comprising three solvents which are ethanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
8. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , being essentially water-free.
9. A process for producing the liquid formulation according to claim 1 , comprising:
dissolving the at least one indium alkoxide compound in the at least one solvent.
10. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the indium alkoxide compound is included in an amount of from 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total mass of the liquid formulation.
11. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the indium alkoxide compound is included in an amount of from 0.1% to 2% by weight based on the total mass of the liquid formulation.
12. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one solvent is included in an amount of from 95% to 99.5% by weight based on the total mass of the liquid formulation.
13. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one solvent is included in an amount of from 98% to 99.5% by weight based on the total mass of the liquid formulation.
14. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a wetting additive, a defoamer, a crosslinking additive, a surface tension additive, and a levelling additive,
wherein the at least one additive is included in an amount of less than 5% by weight.
15. The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , consisting of the at least one solvent and the at least one indium alkoxide compound.