Dense energy ultra-capacitor preform, thin film, module and fabrication methods therefor
A Dense Energy Ultracapacitor DEUC preform, thin film, and module and methods of fabrication therefor, are provided. The DEUC thin film includes: a multilayer polymer thin film ( 2210 ) including a plurality of matched polymer layers ( 2215 ) having DEUC structural features resulting from drawing, by a draw process, and/or stretching, of a multilayer polymer DEUC preform ( 2201 ) having size, shape, and an arrangement of matched polymer layers ( 2205 ), where the multilayer polymer thin film ( 2210 ) having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same features in the Preform ( 2201 ). The multilayer polymer thin film includes negative and positive electrodes ( 903 ) made from conducting polymer and spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media ( 904 ) including high dielectric nano and/or micro sized particles ( 901, 902 ) suspended in a binder ( 904 ) including at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer. All the layers ( 903, 904 ) are bound and unified together.
1. A suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor (DEUC) preform for fabricating a DEUC module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, comprising:
a multilayer polymer DEUC preform in a complex circuit pattern (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched polymer layers in the micron thickness range that are attached together to form a unified Preform, the matched polymer layers having at least thermal characteristics matching for all the matched polymer layers, the Preform being designed and constructed for drawing by a draw process that stretches the unified Preform to a ratio greater than 1:50 and simultaneously reduces the plurality of matched polymer layers of the unified Preform into a multilayer thin film comprised of nano layers, of nano thickness or less, having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform; and
where one or more of the plurality of matched polymer layers of the Preform comprise negative and positive electrodes made from conducting polymer and that are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media;
where one or more layers of the plurality of matched polymer layers of the Preform comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media (Energy layer);
where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are nano sized particles which are surface modified by surrounding each particle with a protective coating to provide an electrically insulating shell applied to and surrounding each of the particles (Particles) preventing contact between the particle and the polymer layer suspending the particle, the Particles suspended in a binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer;
where alternating electrode layers are offset forming the Preform;
where the alternating electrode layers of the Preform are insulated from each other to form a left side electrode array and right side electrode array;
where each electrode array is interconnected to form a single electrode interface; and
where the Energy layer and electrode layer polymers are cured forming a cohesive and unified Preform.
2. The suspended particle DEUC preform of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
a unique version of calcium copper titanate oxide where common calcium copper titanate oxide (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) also referred to as CCTO is modified to form the unique CCTO-X (Ca x Cux x Ti x O x ); with variations in the amounts of copper Ca, Cu and/or Ti content, and
where CCTO-X is doped with one or more materials including but not limited to at least one of zinc, silver, aluminum, strontium and lanthanum, and
where CCTO-X particles are surfaced modified to have an electrically insulating shell surrounding the CCTO-X particle.
3. The suspended particle DEUC preform of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
LSNO (La15/8Sr1/8NiO4) particles; which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes; and
titanium phenyl phosphate particles which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes.
4. The suspended particle DEUC preform of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises at least one of:
a polyvinylidene fluoride and/or polyvinylidene difluoride individually and collectively referred to as PVDF polymer; and
a polymer mixture of PVDF polymer and one or more low dielectric loss polymers comprising at least one of copolymers and terpolymers reducing dielectric loss of the binder.
5. The DEUC preform of claim 1 , wherein the at least a portion of the multilayer thin film comprises a thin film ribbon, and wherein at least one of:
at least a portion of the thin film ribbon forming a DEUC ultracapacitor;
multiple portions of the thin film ribbon being stacked together to form a DEUC ultracapacitor;
a portion of the thin film ribbon being wound into a cylinder forming a DEUC ultracapacitor having many layers; and
a portion of the thin film ribbon being wound into a cylinder forming a DEUC ultracapacitor in which the cylinder is further formed into any one of a plurality of various shapes.
6. A suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor (DEUC) thin film for fabricating a DEUC module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, comprising:
a multilayer polymer thin film comprising a plurality of matched polymer layers, the matched polymer layers having at least thermal characteristics matching for all the matched polymer layers, the matched polymer layers having DEUC structural features resulting from stretching by a draw process to a ratio greater than 1:50, a multilayer unified polymer DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched polymer layers, the multilayer polymer thin film having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform; and
where one or more layers of the multilayer polymer thin film comprise negative and positive electrodes made from conducting polymer and that are offset in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack and are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media, the matched polymer layers including the negative and positive electrodes made from conducting polymer and being spaced apart by the suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media,
where one or more layers of the multilayer polymer thin film comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media, and
where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are nano sized particles suspended in a binder, each particle surrounded with a protective coating preventing contact between the particle and the binder suspending the particle, the binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer.
7. The suspended particle DEUC thin film of claim 6 , wherein the dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
a unique version of calcium copper titanate oxide where common calcium copper titanate oxide (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) also referred to as CCTO is modified to form the unique CCTO-X (Ca x Cux x Ti x O x ); with variations in the amounts of copper Ca, Cu and/or Ti content, and
where CCTO-X is doped with one or more materials including but not limited to at least one of zinc, silver, aluminum, strontium and lanthanum, and
where CCTO-X particles are surfaced modified to have an electrically insulating shell surrounding the CCTO-X particle.
8. The suspended particle DEUC thin film of claim 6 , wherein the dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
LSNO (La15/8Sr1/8NiO4) particles; which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes; and
titanium phenyl phosphate particles which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes.
9. The suspended particle DEUC thin film of claim 6 , wherein the binder comprises at least one of:
a polyvinylidene fluoride and/or polyvinylidene difluoride individually and collectively referred to as PVDF polymer; and
a polymer mixture of PVDF polymer and one or more low dielectric loss polymers comprising at least one of copolymers P(vdf-ctfe) and or P(vdfr-trfe-tfe) to reduce dielectric loss of the binder.
10. The suspended particle DEUC thin film of claim 6 , wherein at least a portion of the multilayer polymer thin film comprises a thin film ribbon, and wherein at least one of:
at least a portion of the thin film ribbon forming a DEUC ultracapacitor;
multiple portions of the thin film ribbon being stacked together to form a DEUC ultracapacitor;
a portion of the thin film ribbon being wound into a cylinder forming a DEUC ultracapacitor having many layers; and
a portion of the thin film ribbon being wound into a cylinder forming a DEUC ultracapacitor in which the cylinder is further formed into any one of a plurality of various shapes.
11. A method of fabrication of a suspended particle Dense Energy Ultracapacitor DEUC module, comprising:
receiving a multilayer and unified polymer DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched and unified polymer layers, the matched polymer layers having at least thermal characteristics matching for all the matched polymer layers, the Preform suitable for stretching by a draw process into a multilayer polymer thin film, the Preform including DEUC structural features that are in at least one dimension proportionally larger in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the multilayer unified polymer thin film, and where one or more layers of the Preform comprise negative and positive electrodes made from conducting polymer and that are spaced apart by suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media and offset in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack, the matched polymer layers including the negative and positive electrodes made from conducting polymer and being spaced apart by the suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media, and where one or more layers of the Preform comprise suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media, and where the high dielectric energy storage media comprises high dielectric particles that are nano sized particles suspended in a binder, each particle surrounded with a protective coating preventing contact between the particle and the binder suspending the particle, the binder comprising at least one of a polymer, a copolymer, and a terpolymer, and where all of the Preform layers are bound together to form a unified Preform; and
stretching by a draw process the multilayer unified Preform to a ratio greater than 1:50 thereby forming a multilayer polymer thin film including DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein one or more layers of the multilayer polymer thin film are spaced apart to form a cooling tunnel, and where heat within the suspended particle DEUC module is transferred into the cooling tunnel and can be moved to and released through a thermal coupler or heat sink.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cooling tunnel is filled with dielectric fluid or air that acts as a heat transfer medium and can be connected to a heat sink.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the DEUC module is designed and fabricated to store and provide electrical power to at least one of:
micro devices and integrated circuits,
electric vehicles,
unmanned aerial, terrestrial or water vehicles,
electronic cigarettes,
one or more of: mobile computing devices, laptops, tablets, mobile phones, wireless communication devices, and mobile sensor systems,
an electric power grid,
solar, wind, and other alternative energy systems support, and
one or more uninterruptible power supplies.
15. The method of claim 11 , where the DEUC module is coupled with at least one of:
one or more solar cells;
one or more radioisotope power cells;
a photovoltaic system;
a thermalvoltaic system;
a movement charge system; and
a manual charge system; and
being designed and constructed for providing electric charge to the DEUC module and electric energy storage by the DEUC module.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least a portion of the multilayer polymer thin film comprises a thin film ribbon, and wherein at least one of:
at least a portion of the thin film ribbon is formed into a DEUC ultracapacitor;
multiple portions of the thin film ribbon are stacked together to form a DEUC ultracapacitor;
a portion of the thin film ribbon is wound into a cylinder forming a DEUC ultracapacitor having many layers; and
a portion of the thin film ribbon is wound into a cylinder forming a DEUC ultracapacitor in which the cylinder is further formed into any one of a plurality of various shapes.
17. A suspended particle dense energy ultracapacitor (DEUC) module that provides rapid charge and energy storage, the DEUC module comprising:
a. a silicone, rubber or polymer sheet loaded with high dielectric particles formed through extrusion and/or spray deposition to form an energy storage media layer comprising high dielectric particles which are surface modified by surrounding each particle with a protective coating that prevents contact between the particle and a polymer binder suspending the particle;
b. where conductive material is applied on both sides of the energy storage media layer to form positive and negative conducting polymer electrode layers;
c. where the positive conducting polymer electrode layers (positive electrodes) and the negative conducting polymer electrode layers (negative electrodes) are offset relative one another to separate them in a left/right orientation in a multilayer stack; and
d. a multilayer thin film comprising a plurality of matched polymer layers including at least the energy storage media layer, a positive conducting polymer electrode layer, and a negative conducting polymer electrode layer, where the matched polymer layers having at least thermal characteristics matching for all the matched polymer layers, the matched polymer layers having DEUC structural features formed from a multilayer unified DEUC preform (Preform) having a size, a shape, and an arrangement of a plurality of matched polymer layers, where the unified DEUC preform is stretched to a ratio greater than 1:50 to reduce all of the layers in one process to form a multilayer thin film having DEUC structural features in at least one dimension proportionally reduced in comparison to the same DEUC structural features in the Preform, the multilayer thin film applied as at least one of:
a layered DEUC module; and
rolled up DEUC film forming a cylindrical DEUC module; and
e. positive electrodes being interconnected to form a positive connector of the DEUC module; and
f. negative electrodes being interconnected to form a negative connector of the DEUC module; and
g. where the high dielectric particles comprise at least one of:
a proprietary version of calcium copper titanate oxide where common calcium copper titanate oxide (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) also referred to as CCTO is modified to form the proprietary version of CCTO-X (Ca x Cux x Ti x O x );
the proprietary version of calcium copper titanate oxide (CCTO-X) having variations in copper Ca, Cu and/or Ti content;
the CCTO-X being doped with one or more materials comprising at least one of zinc, silver, aluminum, strontium and Lanthanum;
the CCTO-X particles being surface modified to have an electrically insulating shell surrounding each CCTO-X particle; and
the high dielectric particles comprising at least one of:
LSNO (La15/8Sr1/8NiO4) particles, which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes; and
titanium phenyl phosphate particles which are applied in a uniform distribution suspended in a polymer binder to form a suspended particle high dielectric energy storage media that is positioned between the electrodes.