Multilevel converter for power factor correction and associated operating method

1. A method for operating a multilevel power converter for reactive power compensation of a multiphase grid voltage, the multilevel power converter containing phase modules each having multiple sub-modules connected in series and each of the sub-modules having an electric energy store, the phase modules each being associated with a phase, each of the sub-modules being connected to the phase of the multiphase grid voltage or being disconnected from the phase with an aid of an electronic switch, which comprises the steps of:

disconnecting the multilevel power converter from the multiphase grid voltage via a circuit breaker; and

providing a controller via which voltages of the phase modules are balanced while the circuit breaker is open, a balancing of the voltages of the phase modules include the following additional steps of:

calculating energy stored in electrical energy stores of the phase modules:

calculating a control error of individual ones of the electrical enemy stores;

routing the control error to a subcontroller of the controller;

generating a sinusoidal AC voltage in a function generator:

associating output signals of the controller with the sinusoidal AC voltage; and

controlling the sub-modules for adiusting the voltages.

2. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises connecting the phase modules in a delta configuration and are supplied with the voltages while the circuit breaker is open for balancing energy in a targeted manner via the controller.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the energy stored in the electric energy stores undergoes an alpha-beta transformation, and following an association of the output signals, a back-transformation takes places, so that a voltage is associated with each of the phases.

4. A multilevel power converter for reactive power compensation of a multiphase grid voltage, the multilevel power converter comprising:

phase modules each having multiple sub-modules connected in series and each of said sub-modules having an electric energy store, each of said phase modules being associated with a phase of the multiphase grid voltage, wherein each of said sub-modules having an electronic switch and may be connected to the phase of the multiphase grid voltage or may be disconnected from the multiphase grid voltage with an aid of said electronic switch;

a circuit breaker for disconnecting the multilevel power converter from the multiphase grid voltage; and

a controller configured for balancing voltages of said phase modules while said circuit breaker is open and having a function generator and a subcontroller, said controller being programmed to perform the balancing of the voltages of said phase modules by performing the following steps of:

calculating energy stored in electrical energy stores of said phase modules;

calculating a control error of individual ones of said electrical enemy stores;

routing the control error to said subcontroller of said controller;

generating a sinusoidal AC voltage in said function generator;

associating output signals of said controller with the sinusoidal AC voltage; and

controlling said sub-modules for adiusting the voltages.

5. The multilevel power converter according to claim 4 , wherein said electric energy store of at least one of said sub-modules is selected from the group consisting of capacitors and batteries.

6. The multilevel power converter according to claim 4 , wherein said controller is configured to subject energy stored in said electric energy stores to an alpha-beta transformation, as well as a back transformation, in order to associate a voltage with each said phase.