Dispersion correction for FMCW radar in a pipe or tube

1. A radar measurement apparatus for determining distance to a surface of a medium or to another radar target in a pipe or tube, wherein the radar measurement apparatus works according to the FMCW principle, and comprises:

a radar transmission unit, which is designed to produce a radar transmission signal, which is frequency modulated according to the FMCW principle; and

a radar receiving unit, which is designed to receive a radar received signal reflected on the surface of the medium or other radar target back in the pipe or tube, to convert the radar received signal by mixing with the radar transmission signal, or a signal derived therefrom, into an intermediate frequency signal and based on the so obtained intermediate frequency signal to determine a distance to the surface of the medium or to another radar target in the pipe or tube, wherein:

said radar receiving unit is designed to apply a phase correction to the phase of the intermediate frequency signal and to produce a phase corrected, intermediate frequency signal, the phase correction is designed to lessen, or to remove, a dispersion dependent phase fraction in the phase of the intermediate frequency signal and to add a phase fraction not dependent on dispersion effects; and

said radar receiving unit is designed based on the phase corrected intermediate frequency signal to determine target frequency components in the intermediate frequency signal and based on the target frequency components to determine distance to the surface of the medium or to other radar targets in the pipe or tube.

2. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

radar measurement apparatus is designed to apply at least one of the following operations to the intermediate frequency signal:

removing a DC fraction from the intermediate frequency signal;

transforming the intermediate frequency signal into a complex signal by means of a Hilbert transformation;

performing a Fourier transformation for producing a frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal; and

detecting target frequency components in the frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal.

3. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of the following applies:

the radar measurement apparatus is designed to apply to the intermediate frequency signal a device-specific correction, which is provided to take into consideration a device specific transfer behavior of the radar measurement apparatus;

the radar measurement apparatus is designed to apply to the intermediate frequency signal a device-specific correction, which is provided to take into consideration a device specific transfer behavior of the radar measurement apparatus, wherein the device-specific correction is determinable by means of a reference measurement to a reference target; and

the radar measurement apparatus is designed to apply to the intermediate frequency signal a device-specific correction, wherein for producing the device-specific correction the transmission path between radar measurement apparatus and radar target is divided into a non-dispersion burdened path portion and a dispersion burdened path portion.

4. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the phase correction depends on distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube.

5. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:

at least one of the following applies:

said radar receiving unit is designed to determine the phase correction based on an estimated value of distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube;

said radar receiving unit is designed in the case of a first determining of the phase correction to use an estimated value for the distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube; and

said radar receiving unit is designed in the case of a first determining of the phase correction to use an estimated value for the distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube and then to apply the so determined phase correction to the intermediate frequency signal.

6. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 5 , wherein:

at least one of following applies:

said radar receiving unit is designed to ascertain the estimated value by evaluating target frequency components of the original, non-phase corrected, intermediate frequency signal; and

said radar receiving unit is designed to determine distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe cyclically recurringly and to derive from previously determined values of the distance an estimated value of the distance, which serves then as basis for determining the phase correction.

7. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:

said radar receiving unit is designed to determine mutually dependently by means of an iterative method the phase correction dependent on distance and the phase correction dependent distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube.

8. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:

said radar receiving unit is designed alternately and mutually dependently to execute two steps as follows:

newly determining the phase correction based on a newly determined value of distance and then applying the newly determined phase correction to the intermediate frequency signal; and

newly determining the value of distance based on an analysis of target frequency components in the newly determined phase corrected, intermediate frequency signal.

9. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:

said radar receiving unit is designed to determine phase correction and distance iteratively mutually dependently until both phase correction as well as also distance are determined within a predetermined accuracy.

10. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of following applies:

the phase correction includes a dispersion dependent term, which is designed to lessen or to remove the dispersion dependent phase fraction in the phase of the intermediate frequency signal;

the phase correction includes a dispersion dependent term, which is designed to lessen or to remove the dispersion dependent phase fraction in the phase of the intermediate frequency signal, wherein the dispersion dependent term has a phase correction of the following form:

2

⁢

π

⁢

2

⁢

R

c

·

(

(

f

0

+

St

)

2

-

f

^

c

2

-

f

0

2

-

f

^

c

2

)

,

wherein R is distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe, wherein c is the speed of light in air, wherein f 0 is the starting frequency of the frequency ramp and S the slope of the frequency ramp of the radar transmission signal, and wherein {circumflex over (f)} c is the cutoff frequency of a dominating mode in the pipe or tube;

a non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction, which is added by the phase correction, rises linearly with time;

the non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction, which is added by the phase correction, depends on distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube;

the phase correction includes a non-dispersion dependent term, which is designed to add the non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction to the phase of the intermediate frequency signal, wherein the non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction rises linearly with time;

the phase correction includes a non-dispersion dependent term, which is designed to add the non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction to the phase of the intermediate frequency signal, wherein the non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction depends on distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube; and

the phase correction includes a non-dispersion dependent term, which is designed to add the non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction to the phase of the intermediate frequency signal, wherein the non-dispersion dependent term of the phase correction has a form as follows:

-

2

⁢

π

⁢

2

⁢

RS

v

const

·

t

,

wherein R is distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube, wherein S is the slope of the frequency ramp of the radar transmission signal, and wherein v const is a radar transmission signal propagation velocity, which is freely determinable.

11. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the radar measurement apparatus is designed to apply at least one of the following operations to the intermediate frequency signal:

removing a DC fraction from the intermediate frequency signal;

transforming the intermediate frequency signal into a complex signal by means of a Hilbert transformation;

performing a Fourier transformation of the intermediate frequency signal for producing a frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal;

determining a relevant target frequency component, which corresponds to distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube;

establishing a bandpass filter for a relevant target frequency component, wherein the bandpass filter is designed to pass the relevant target frequency component and to suppress other target frequency components;

bandpass filtering the frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal and producing a bandpass filtered frequency spectrum;

performing an inverse Fourier transformation of a bandpass filtered frequency spectrum and producing a cleaned intermediate frequency signal; and

determining a phase slope in the phase of a cleaned intermediate frequency signal.

12. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

the radar measurement apparatus is designed to apply at least one of the following operations to the intermediate frequency signal:

determining a phase slope in the phase of the cleaned intermediate frequency signal;

determining from the phase slope in the phase of the cleaned intermediate frequency signal distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube;

newly determining the phase correction based on the newly determined distance; and

applying the newly determined phase correction to the cleaned intermediate frequency signal.

13. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of following applies:

propagation of a radar signal in the pipe or tube occurs essentially according to a dominating mode; and

mode TE 01 is present as dominating mode for propagation of the radar signal in the pipe or tube.

14. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of following applies:

propagation of a radar signal in the pipe or tube occurs according to a plurality of different modes;

propagation of a radar signal in the pipe or tube occurs according to a plurality of different modes, and the phase correction is designed to lessen or to remove for each mode a dispersion dependent phase fraction in the phase of the intermediate frequency signal caused by such mode; and

propagation of a radar signal in the pipe occurs according to a plurality of different modes, and the phase correction is designed to add to the phase a non-dispersion effects dependent term, which rises linearly with time.

15. The radar measurement apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

at least one of following applies:

the medium is a liquid or bulk good;

the pipe or tube is a sounding tube or bypass tube;

said radar receiving unit is designed to determine from the distance to the surface of the medium a fill level of the medium in the pipe or tube;

the radar measurement apparatus is embodied as a field device, which is connectable with a control unit via a fieldbus; and

the radar measurement apparatus is a fill-level measuring device for process automation.

16. A method for determining distance to a surface of a medium or distance to another radar target in a pipe or tube by means of a radar measurement apparatus, which works according to the principle of FMCW radar, wherein the method comprises:

transmitting a radar transmission signal within the pipe or tube, wherein the radar transmission signal is frequency modulated according to the FMCW principle;

receiving a radar received signal reflected on a surface of the medium or other radar target in the pipe or tube back to the radar measurement apparatus;

mixing the radar received signal with the radar transmission signal or a signal derived therefrom and producing an intermediate frequency signal;

applying a phase correction to the phase of the intermediate frequency signal and producing a phase corrected intermediate frequency signal, wherein the phase correction, on the one hand, lessens or eliminates a dispersion dependent phase fraction in the phase of the intermediate frequency signal and, on the other hand, adds a non-dispersion effects dependent phase fraction to the phase of the intermediate frequency signal; and

determining target frequency components contained in the phase corrected, intermediate frequency signal and determining distance to the surface of the medium or to another radar target in the pipe or tube based on the target frequency components.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising at least one of the following:

removing a DC fraction from the intermediate frequency signal;

transforming the intermediate frequency signal into a complex signal by means of a Hilbert transformation;

performing a Fourier transformation for producing a frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal; and

detecting target frequency components in the frequency spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein:

the phase correction depends on distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe.

19. The method as claimed in claim 18 , further comprising:

determining the phase correction based on an estimated value of distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube;

when first determining the phase correction, using an estimated value for distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube; and

when first determining the phase correction, using an estimated value for distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube and then applying the so determined phase correction to the intermediate frequency signal.

20. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein:

the phase correction dependent on distance and the phase correction dependent distance to the surface of the medium or distance to another radar target in the pipe or tube are determined mutual dependently by means of an iterative method.

21. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein:

alternately and mutual dependently two steps are executed as follows:

newly determining the phase correction based on a newly determined value of distance and then applying the newly determined phase correction to the intermediate frequency signal; and

newly determining the value of the distance based on an analysis of target frequency components in the newly determined, phase corrected, intermediate frequency signal.