Gas purification using solar energy, and associated systems and methods

1. A chemical processing system, comprising:

an absorption vessel;

a solvent storage vessel having a solvent inlet coupled to a solvent outlet of the absorption vessel;

a regeneration vessel having a solvent inlet coupled to a solvent outlet of the solvent storage vessel;

at least one solar concentrator having a high energy outlet for a first steam flow;

a fuel-fired steam generator having a high energy outlet for a second steam flow; and

a controller having instructions that, when executed, control a gas purification process comprising—

directing a gas to the absorption vessel;

at the absorption vessel, absorbing impurities from the gas into a solvent;

releasing the gas from the absorption vessel;

releasing the solvent from the absorption vessel to the solvent storage vessel;

directing the solvent from the solvent storage vessel to the regeneration vessel;

generating a combined steam flow by combining the first steam flow and the second steam flow, wherein the combined steam flow is generally isothermal irrespective of an insolation at the at least one solar concentrator;

transferring heat from the combined steam flow to the regeneration vessel; and

regenerating the solvent in the regeneration vessel by releasing the impurities from the solvent.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a process heat exchanger having:

a first flow path coupling the solvent outlet of the solvent storage vessel to the solvent inlet of the regeneration vessel, and

a second flow path coupling a solvent outlet of the regeneration vessel to a solvent inlet of the absorption vessel, the second flow path being in thermal communication with the first flow path.

3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising:

a regenerator heat exchanger for transferring heat from the combined steam flow to the regeneration vessel, wherein the regenerator heat exchanger is separate from the regeneration vessel.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the heat is first heat, the system further comprising:

a thermal storage unit having a working fluid; and

a thermal storage heat exchanger coupled between the thermal storage unit and the at least one solar concentrator to transfer second heat between steam generated by the at least one solar concentrator and the working fluid of the thermal storage unit.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein the thermal storage unit includes a sensible thermal storage unit that includes a plurality of concrete plates for storing thermal energy.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the solvent storage vessel includes a first solvent storage vessel, the system further comprising at least one additional storage vessel coupled to the first solvent storage vessel.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the solvent storage vessel includes a rich solvent storage vessel, the system further comprising at least one lean storage vessel coupled to the regeneration vessel.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the at least one lean storage vessel is a first lean solvent storage vessel, the system further comprising a second lean solvent storage vessel coupled to the first lean solvent storage vessel.

9. A chemical processing system, comprising:

a controller having instructions that, when executed, control a gas purification process comprising:

directing a gas to an absorption vessel;

at the absorption vessel, absorbing impurities from the gas into a solvent;

releasing the gas from the absorption vessel;

releasing the solvent from the absorption vessel to a solvent storage vessel;

directing the solvent from the solvent storage vessel to a regeneration vessel;

generating a combined steam flow by combining a first steam flow from at least one solar concentrator and a second steam flow from a fuel-fired steam generator, wherein the combined steam flow is generally isothermal irrespective of an insolation at the at least one solar concentrator;

transferring heat from the combined steam flow to the regeneration vessel; and

regenerating the solvent in the regeneration vessel by releasing the impurities from the solvent.

10. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:

directing at least a portion of the first steam flow to a thermal storage heat exchanger, wherein the portion of the first steam flow is a third steam flow; and

directing a working fluid of the thermal storage unit to the thermal storage heat exchanger to transfer heat between the first steam flow and the working fluid of the thermal storage unit.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the thermal storage unit includes a sensible thermal storage unit that includes a plurality of concrete plates for storing thermal energy.

12. The system of claim 10 wherein the thermal storage unit includes a sensible thermal storage unit comprising solid elements for storing energy, and wherein an average temperature of the solid elements, expressed in ° C., exceeds twice a saturation temperature of the first steam flow, expressed in ° C.

13. The system of claim 10 wherein a temperature of the third steam flow before being added to the combined steam flow, expressed in ° C., is within +/−15% of a saturation temperature of the third steam flow, expressed in ° C.

14. The system of claim 9 wherein the solvent storage vessel is a first solvent storage vessel, the system further comprising a second solvent storage vessel having:

a solvent inlet coupled to a solvent outlet of the first solvent storage vessel, and

a solvent outlet coupled to a solvent inlet of the first storage vessel.

15. The system of claim 14 , further comprising a third solvent storage vessel having:

a solvent inlet coupled to a solvent outlet of the regeneration vessel, and

a solvent outlet coupled to a solvent inlet of the absorption vessel.