Power device for delivering power to electronic devices
An energy efficient apparatus includes a switching device, a frequency dependent reactive device, and a control element is provided. The switching device is coupled to a source of electrical power and includes a pair of transistors and is adapted to receive a control signal and to produce an alternating current power signal. The frequency of the alternating current power signal is responsive to the control signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is electrically coupled to the pair of transistors for receiving the alternating current power signal and producing an output power signal. The frequency dependent reactive device is chosen to achieve a desired voltage of the output power signal relative to the frequency of the alternating current power signal. The control element senses an actual voltage of the direct current power signal and modifies the control signal delivered to achieve the desired voltage of the direct current power signal.
1. A method for operating an apparatus, the apparatus being configured to receive an input power signal and deliver an output power signal, the apparatus including a controller and a voltage reduction circuit including a first pair of switches coupled to a first capacitor and a second pair of switches coupled to a second capacitor, the method including the controller performing the steps of:
detecting an input power signal being received from a source of electrical power;
initiating a start-up routine including detecting a current draw of an electrical device in response to detecting the input power signal;
initiating a sleep mode in response to the current draw of the electrical device not being detected, the sleep mode including an initiation of a predefined sleep period and re-initiation of the start-up routine in response to expiration of the predefined sleep period;
initiating a charging routine in response to the current draw of the electrical device being detected, the charging routine including transmitting a control signal to the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches to produce an alternating current (AC) power signal that is delivered to the first capacitor and the second capacitor, a frequency of the AC power signal being responsive to the control signal, the first capacitor and the second capacitor for receiving the AC power signal from the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches and producing the output power signal having a voltage level that is less than a voltage level of the input power signal;
determining the voltage level of the output power signal;
adjusting the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being greater or less than a particular voltage level;
determining an output frequency of the control signal; and
initiating the sleep mode in response to the output frequency being at a highest allowable setting.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 ,
wherein adjusting the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being greater or less than the particular voltage level includes adjusting the frequency of the control signal being delivered to the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches to adjust the voltage level of the output power signal to the particular voltage level.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 , the method further including initiating the sleep mode in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being within an acceptable band voltage.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein adjusting the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being greater or less than the particular voltage level includes decrementing the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal to be greater than the particular voltage level.
5. A method in accordance with claim 4 , wherein adjusting the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being greater or less than the particular voltage level includes incrementing the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being less than the particular voltage level.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 , the method further including:
determining a level of current being drawn by the electrical device; and
adjusting the frequency of the control signal being delivered to the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches to maintain the level of current being drawn by the electrical device within a particular range of current levels.
7. A method in accordance with claim 6 , the method further including disconnecting power to the electrical device in response to the determined level of current being less than a threshold level of current.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 , the method further including:
transmitting a first control signal to the first pair of switches for driving a high-side of the AC power signal; and
transmitting a second control signal to the second pair of switches for driving a low-side of the AC power signal.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 , the method further including:
detecting a voltage level of the input power signal; and
adjusting the control signal based on the voltage level of the input power signal and the particular voltage level of the output power signal.
10. An apparatus comprising:
a first pair of switches coupled to a first capacitor;
a second pair of switches coupled to a second capacitor; and
a controller configured to:
detect an input power signal being received from a source of electrical power;
initiate a start-up routine in response to detecting the input power signal, wherein during the start-up routine the controller is configured to detect a current draw of an electrical device;
initiate a sleep mode in response to the current draw of the electrical device not being detected, wherein during the sleep mode the controller is configured to initiate a predefined sleep period and re-initiate the start-up routine in response to expiration of the predefined sleep period;
initiate a charging routine in response to the current draw of the electrical device being detected, wherein during the charging routine the controller is configured to:
transmit a control signal to the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches to produce a AC power signal that is delivered to the first capacitor and the second capacitor, a frequency of the AC power signal being responsive to the control signal, the first capacitor and the second capacitor for receiving the AC power signal from the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches and producing an output power signal having a voltage level that is less than a voltage level of the input power signal;
determine the voltage level of the output power signal;
adjust the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being greater or less than a particular voltage level;
determine an output frequency of the control signal; and
initiate the sleep mode in response to the output frequency being at a highest allowable setting.
11. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
adjust the frequency of the control signal being delivered to the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches to adjust the voltage level of the output power signal to the particular voltage level.
12. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to initiate the sleep mode in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being within an acceptable band voltage.
13. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to decrement the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being greater than the particular voltage level.
14. An apparatus in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the controller is configured to increment the frequency of the control signal in response to determining the voltage level of the output power signal being less than the particular voltage level.
15. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a level of current being drawn by the electrical device; and
adjust the frequency of the control signal being delivered to the first pair of switches and the second pair of switches to maintain the level of current being drawn by the electrical device within a particular range of current levels.
16. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
transmit a first control signal to the first pair of switches for driving a high-side of the AC power signal; and
transmit a second control signal to the second pair of switches for driving a low-side of the AC power signal.
17. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
detect a voltage level of the input power signals; and
adjust the control signal based on the voltage level of the input power signal and the particular voltage level of the output power signal.
18. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the controller includes at least one of a state machine and a microcontroller.