Enclosed media fluid filtration device

1. A filtration device comprising:

a baseplate;

a media basket coupled to the baseplate;

a support column coupled to the baseplate and positioned within the media basket;

wherein the media basket and the support column are permeable to liquids and configured to contain a filter media;

a canister with one or more sides and a ceiling defining a cavity, wherein the canister is detachably coupled to the baseplate thereby enclosing the media basket in the canister cavity;

a cap positioned on top of the canister celling with a void space under the cap;

a center riser pipe coupled to the baseplate and positioned within the support column, with an inlet at the top of the center riser pipe, wherein the center riser pipe inlet is above the canister ceiling;

at least one canister pipe fixed in one of the sides of the canister, the canister pipe comprising an exterior canister pipe and an interior canister pipe separated by a weir, wherein the exterior canister pipe and the interior canister pipe open into a chamber in a top portion of the canister pipe above the weir;

an exterior bottom orifice in a bottom portion of the exterior canister pipe communicating with an environment external to the filtration device; and

an interior bottom orifice in a bottom portion of the interior canister pipe communicating with the canister cavity.

2. The filtration device of claim 1 ,

wherein the top of the center riser pipe is positioned within the void space under the cap.

3. The filtration device of claim 2 ,

further comprising a center riser pipe outlet with an outlet area A;

wherein a passage area A y is defined as a vertical cross-sectional area above the center riser pipe outlet and below the cap;

wherein an entrance ring area A r is defined as a horizontal cross-sectional area between the cap and the top of the center riser pipe;

wherein a ratio A y /A has a value in a range from 1.0 to 22.5; and

wherein a ratio A r /A has a value in a range from 1.0 to 22.0.

4. The filtration device of claim 2 ,

wherein the canister pipe chamber has a height h and a width b; and

wherein a ratio b/h has a value in a range from 0.25 to 8.

5. The filtration device of claim 2 , further comprising:

a canister gap between the canister and the media basket.

6. The filtration device of claim 2 , further comprising:

a column gap between the center riser pipe and the support column.

7. The filtration device of claim 2 , further comprising:

a column support flange in a top portion of the support column and a cap gasket on a top surface of the column support flange;

a baseplate gasket between the baseplate and the canister;

wherein the support column penetrates a canister top opening in the canister ceiling; and

wherein the cap is configured to detachably couple to the support column and to compress the canister against the cap gasket and the baseplate gasket.

8. The filtration device of claim 1 ,

wherein the top of the center riser pipe is flared.

9. The filtration device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a leach orifice in a bottom portion of the center riser pipe.

10. The filtration device of claim 1 ,

wherein the canister ceiling contacts a top of the media basket.

11. The filtration device of claim 1 ,

a nappe deflector on the top portion of the weir and inside the interior canister pipe.

12. The filtration device of claim 1 ,

wherein the filtration device is configured to establish a first siphon to convey liquid from the exterior bottom orifice through the interior bottom orifice into the canister cavity when a liquid level outside the filtration device is higher than the top of the weir; and

wherein the filtration device is configured to establish a second siphon to convey liquid from canister cavity through the top of the center riser pipe and out an outlet pipe when the first siphon has been established and the liquid level outside the filtration device is higher than the top of the center riser pipe.

13. The filtration device of claim 12 ,

wherein the filtration device is configured to break the first siphon when the liquid level outside the filtration device is lower than the exterior bottom orifice, then break the second siphon when a liquid level inside the support column is lower than the top of the center riser pipe.

14. The filtration device of claim 13 ,

wherein the filtration device is configured such that once the second siphon breaks, then the filtration device will establish a reverse siphon, drawing the liquid inside the canister cavity in through the interior bottom orifice, through the interior canister pipe through the exterior canister pipe and out through the exterior bottom orifice, back-flushing particulate matter from the canister cavity.