Electrical circuit for delivering power to consumer electronic devices
An electrical circuit for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, such as monitors, televisions, white goods, data centers, and telecom circuit boards, is described herein. The electrical circuit includes an input terminal configured to receive an input power signal, an output terminal configured to provide an output power signal, and a forward converter coupled to the input and output terminals. The forward converter includes a transformer, and a primary side regulation circuit coupled to a primary side of the transformer. The primary side regulation circuit includes a switching device coupled to the primary side, a current sense circuit configured to sense a current level on the primary side, and a controller configured to generate a pulse-width modulated control signal delivered to the switching device as a function of the sensed current level to regulate the transformer to deliver the output power signal at a desired voltage level.
1. An electrical circuit for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, comprising:
a forward converter configured to receive an input power signal and deliver an output power signal, the forward converter including:
a transformer; and
a primary side regulation circuit coupled to a primary side of the transformer, the primary side regulation circuit including:
a switching device coupled to the primary side; and
a current sense circuit configured to sense a current level on the primary side;
a controller configured to generate a pulse-width modulated control signal delivered to the switching device as a function of the sensed current level to regulate the transformer to deliver the output power signal at a desired voltage level; and
a memory device coupled to the controller, the memory device configured to store a range of current values and a plurality of value windows associated with the range of current values, each of the value windows including a subset of current values within the range of current values, the controller configured to:
select a value window from the plurality of value windows as a function of the sensed current level; and
generate the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the selected value window.
2. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 1 , the primary side regulation circuit including a voltage sense circuit coupled to the primary side for sensing a voltage level of the primary side of the transformer, the controller configured to generate the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the sensed voltage level.
3. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 1 , the primary side regulation circuit including a temperature sense circuit for sensing a temperature of the electrical circuit, the controller configured to generate the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the sensed temperature.
4. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 1 , the primary side regulation circuit including a capacitor coupled to the primary side of the transformer and to ground, the capacitor configured to reset the transformer after each transformer cycle.
5. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 4 , the capacitor coupled between the switching device and a primary winding of the transformer.
6. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising a voltage reduction circuit cell coupled to the forward converter.
7. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 6 , the controller configured to:
sense a peak current level during a pulse of the switching device; and
select the value window as a function of the peak current level.
8. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 6 , the controller configured to:
determine a reference voltage as a function of the selected value window; and
generate the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the determined reference voltage.
9. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 8 , the controller configured to:
determine a low window value associated with the selected value window; and
determine the reference voltage as a function of the determined low window value.
10. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 9 , the controller configured to:
sense a temperature of the electrical circuit and determine the low window value as a function of the sensed temperature.
11. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 9 , the controller configured to:
determine a high window value associated with the selected value window as a function of the low window value; and
determine the reference voltage as a function of the low window value and the high window value.
12. The electrical circuit in accordance with claim 11 , the controller configured to sense a peak voltage of the primary side of the transformer and determine the reference voltage as a function of the sensed peak voltage, the low window value, and the high window value.
13. A method of operating an electrical circuit for powering electronic devices, the electrical circuit including a forward converter configured to receive an input power signal and deliver an output power signal, the forward converter including a transformer and a primary side regulation circuit including a switching device coupled to a primary side of the transformer, and a controller including a memory device for storing a range of current values and a plurality of value windows associated with the range of current values, each of the value windows including a subset of current values within the range of current values, the method including the steps of:
sensing a current level of the primary side of the transformer;
selecting, by the controller, a value window from the plurality of value windows as a function of the sensed current level;
generating, by the controller, a pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the sensed current level and the selected value window; and
transmitting the pulse-width modulated control signal to the switching device to operate the switching device to regulate the transformer to deliver the output power signal at a desired voltage level.
14. The method in accordance with claim 13 , including the steps of:
sensing a voltage level of the primary side of the transformer; and
generating the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the sensed voltage level.
15. The method in accordance with claim 13 , including the steps of:
sensing a temperature of the electrical circuit; and
generating the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the sensed temperature.
16. The method in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the primary side regulation circuit includes a capacitor coupled between the switching device and a primary winding of the transformer and configured to reset the transformer after each transformer cycle.
17. The method in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the electrical circuit includes a voltage reduction circuit cell coupled to the forward converter.
18. The method in accordance with claim 17 , including the steps of:
sensing a peak current level during a pulse of the switching device; and
selecting the value window as a function of the peak current level.
19. The method in accordance with claim 17 , including the steps of:
determining a reference voltage as a function of the selected value window; and
generating the pulse-width modulated control signal as a function of the determined reference voltage.
20. The method in accordance with claim 19 , including the steps of:
determining a low window value associated with the selected value window; and
determining the reference voltage as a function of the determined low window value.
21. The method in accordance with claim 20 , including the steps of:
sensing a temperature of the electrical circuit; and
determining the low window value as a function of the sensed temperature.
22. The method in accordance with claim 20 , including the steps of:
determining a high window value associated with the selected value window as a function of the low window value; and
determining the reference voltage as a function of the low window value and the high window value.
23. The method in accordance with claim 22 , including the steps of:
sensing a peak voltage of the primary side of the transformer; and
determining the reference voltage as a function of the sensed peak voltage, the low window value, and the high window value.
24. An apparatus for providing electrical power for use in powering electronic devices, comprising:
a transformer for receiving an input power signal and delivering an output power signal;
a capacitor coupled to a primary side of the transformer and to ground, the capacitor configured to reset the transformer after each transformer cycle; and
a semiconductor chip including:
a transformer terminal formed on the semiconductor chip;
a switching device formed on the semiconductor chip and coupled to the primary side of the transformer with the transformer terminal;
a controller formed on the semiconductor chip; and
a memory device coupled to the controller, the memory device configured to store a range of current values and a plurality of value windows associated with the range of current values, each of the value windows including a subset of current values within the range of current values, the controller configured to sense a current level of the primary side of the transformer, select a value window from the plurality of value windows as a function of the sensed current level, and generate a pulse-width modulated control signal delivered to the switching device as a function of the sensed current level and the selected value window to regulate the transformer to deliver the output power signal at a desired voltage level.