System and apparatus for precision automation of tab attachment for fabrications of solar panels

1. An apparatus for attaching conductive tabs to photovoltaic structures, comprising:

a cassette configured to store a plurality of conductive tabs; and

a pick-and-place apparatus configured to obtain a conductive tab from the cassette and place the conductive tab on a first side of a photovoltaic structure so that a first portion of the conductive tab contacts a busbar extending along an edge of the first side of the photovoltaic structure and a second portion of the conductive tab extends beyond the edge of the photovoltaic structure to allow for an electrical connection to be made to the conductive tab from a second side of the photovoltaic structure, opposite the first side, wherein the pick-and-place apparatus further comprises:

a tab holder configured to obtain and release the conductive tab; and

a track coupled to the tab holder, wherein the tab holder is further configured to move back and forth along the track.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pick-and-place apparatus further includes an expander coupled to the tab holder, and wherein the expander is configured to move the tab holder in a direction that intersects with the track.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the expander further includes a translation stage driven by a step motor.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the track further includes an attachment mechanism configured to attach the expander to the track and an actuation mechanism configured to actuate the attachment mechanism back and forth along the track.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive tabs are stacked vertically in the cassette, and wherein the cassette further includes a stack- elevating mechanism configured to push up the stack of tabs subsequent to the conductive tab being picked up by the pick-and-place apparatus.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the elevating mechanism includes a compression spring.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tab holder includes at least one suction cup.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a conveyor controller configured to control movements of a conveyor carrying the photovoltaic structure along a path substantially perpendicular to the track, thereby facilitating aligning the edge of the photovoltaic structure to the tab holder.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive tab is selected from a group consisting of:

a metallic tab;

a conductive non-metallic tab; and

a conductive core partially covered by an insulation layer.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive tab has a two-step stair shape wherein the first portion of the conductive tab is offset from the second portion by a thickness of the photovoltaic structure.

11. A system for attaching conductive tabs to photovoltaic structures, comprising:

a conveyor for carrying a photovoltaic structure along a path;

a cassette configured to store a plurality of conductive tabs; and

a pick-and-place apparatus configured to obtain a conductive tab from the cassette and place the conductive tab on a first side of the photovoltaic structure so that a first portion of the conductive tab contacts a busbar extending along an edge of the first side of the photovoltaic structure and a second portion of the conductive tab extends beyond the edge of the photovoltaic structure to allow for an electrical connection to be made to the conductive tab from a second side of the photovoltaic structure, opposite the first side, wherein the pick-and-place apparatus further comprises:

a tab holder configured to obtain and release the conductive tab; and

a track coupled to the tab holder, wherein the track is oriented in a direction that intersects with the path, and

wherein the tab holder is further configured to move back and forth along the track.