Absorption-based system for automotive waste heat recovery
An absorption cycle based system is disclosed for using waste heat from a vehicle and providing selective heating, cooling, and dehumidifying to a vehicle compartment. The system includes a waste heat loop in thermal communication with a power generating unit of the vehicle, and a vapor absorption subsystem. The vapor absorption subsystem may include a thermal compressor in thermal communication with the waste heat loop, a radiator unit, a condensing unit for heating the vehicle compartment, an evaporating unit for selectively cooling and dehumidifying the vehicle compartment, and a plurality of valves configured to selectively direct refrigerant through the vapor absorption subsystem. The vehicle compartment may include at least one of a passenger cabin, an electronics housing, a battery pack, an engine compartment, and a refrigeration compartment.
1. An absorption cycle based system for using waste heat from a vehicle and providing selective heating, cooling, and dehumidifying to a vehicle compartment, the system comprising:
a waste heat loop in thermal communication with a power generating unit of the vehicle;
a vapor absorption subsystem comprising:
an absorption-based refrigerant;
a thermal compressor, including a separator unit, in thermal communication with the waste heat loop;
a radiator unit;
a condensing unit for heating the vehicle compartment;
an evaporating unit for selectively cooling and dehumidifying the vehicle compartment, the evaporating unit selectively receiving the refrigerant from the radiator unit and the condensing unit;
a heat exchanger directly connected to the waste heat loop and providing thermal communication between the waste heat loop and the thermal compressor, the heat exchanger disposed within a housing and surrounded by a phase change material, the phase change material provided in thermal communication with the heat exchanger and the thermal compressor, and configured to provide heat to the thermal compressor at a substantially consistent temperature;
a first valve configured to selectively direct refrigerant from the thermal compressor to the radiator unit and the condensing unit; and
a second valve configured to selectively direct refrigerant from the condensing unit to one or both of the evaporating unit and the thermal compressor.
2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a throttling valve disposed between the condensing unit and the evaporating unit.
3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first valve and the second valve comprises a three-way valve.
4. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a bypass loop directing refrigerant from the condensing unit to an absorber of the thermal compressor, bypassing the evaporating unit.
5. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises a heat pipe heat exchanger.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the phase change material is also in thermal communication with at least one of the waste heat loop and the power generating unit.
7. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a solar energy collector in direct thermal communication with the waste heat loop, configured to provide heat to the thermal compressor to heat the absorption-based refrigerant disposed in the thermal compressor.
8. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a solar energy collector; and
a fan unit driven by the solar energy collector,
wherein the fan unit is configured to provide supplemental cooling of the vehicle compartment when the power generating unit of the vehicle is not in an operational mode or is not generating heat.
9. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the waste heat loop comprises at least one of an engine exhaust loop and an engine coolant loop in selective thermal communication with the thermal compressor.
10. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the vehicle compartment includes at least one of a passenger cabin, an electronics housing, a battery pack, an engine compartment, and a refrigeration compartment.
11. The system according to claim 1 , configured to preheat a hybrid vehicle battery pack during vehicle startup operations.
12. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the absorption-based refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of:
ammonia and water;
lithium bromide and water; and
ammonia, water, and hydrogen.
13. An absorption cycle based system for using waste heat from a vehicle and providing selective heating, cooling, and dehumidifying to a vehicle compartment, the system comprising:
a waste heat loop in thermal communication with a power generating unit of the vehicle;
a vapor absorption subsystem comprising:
an absorption-based refrigerant;
a thermal compressor, including a separator unit, in thermal communication with the waste heat loop;
a radiator unit;
a condensing unit for heating the vehicle compartment;
an evaporating unit for selectively cooling and dehumidifying the vehicle compartment, the evaporating unit selectively receiving the refrigerant from the radiator unit and the condensing unit;
a solar energy collector in direct thermal communication with the waste heat loop, configured to provide heat to the thermal compressor to heat the absorption-based refrigerant disposed in the thermal compressor; and
a heat exchanger directly connected to the waste heat loop and providing thermal communication between the waste heat loop and the thermal compressor, the heat exchanger disposed within a housing and surrounded by a phase change material, the phase change material provided in thermal communication with the heat exchanger and the thermal compressor, and configured to provide heat to the thermal compressor at a substantially consistent temperature.