Apparatus and method for modulating sleep
Apparatuses and methods to enhance sleep, reduce sleep onset latency, extend sleep duration and/or increasing the duration of deeper sleep stages relative to stage 1 sleep. In general, these apparatuses and methods apply and maintain one or more target “warm” temperatures to a subject's forehead for a time period. The target temperature may be between 25° C. and 42° C. The target temperature may be a fixed amount greater than ambient temperature. The time period may be a fixed time period or a variable time period. These methods and apparatuses may limit the application of thermal energy to the subject's forehead region.
1. A method of enhancing sleep in a subject, the method comprising:
securing a thermal transfer region of an applicator in contact with the subject's forehead so that the thermal transfer region does not contact the perioribtal region of the subject's face; and
maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region within a target temperature range that is between 25 and 42° C. to enhance the subject's sleep.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein securing comprises positioning the applicator so that the thermal transfer region does not contact the subject's cheeks.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing a disposable interface on the applicator before securing the applicator, wherein the disposable interface forms at least a part of the thermal transfer region and is configured to contact the subject's forehead.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein securing the applicator comprises positioning the thermal transfer region so that the thermal transfer region does not contact the top or back of the subject's head.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein securing the applicator comprises positioning the thermal transfer region only against the subject's forehead.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature range that is at least about 0.5° C. greater than an ambient temperature when the ambient temperature is less than about 40° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature range for at least about 15 min.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature range for at least about 1 hour.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature range for at least about 4 hours.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within a target temperature range for the subject's entire sleep period.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising varying the target temperature or time course of the temperature within the target temperature range.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein maintaining the temperature comprises warming the thermal transfer region using one or more of: a thermal transfer fluid, a chemical heating element, and a joule heating element.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method of enhancing sleep is a method of treating insomnia and wherein securing the thermal transfer region comprises securing the thermal transfer region on a subject having insomnia.
14. A method of enhancing sleep in a subject, the method comprising:
placing a disposable interface on an applicator, wherein the disposable interface forms at least a part of a thermal transfer region of the applicator and is configured to contact the subject's forehead;
securing the thermal transfer region of the applicator against the subject's forehead; and
maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region within a target temperature range that is between 25 and 42° C. for at least 15 min, to enhance the subject's sleep.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein securing the thermal transfer region of the applicator comprises placing the thermal transfer region so that the thermal transfer region only contacts the subject's forehead.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein securing the thermal transfer region of the applicator comprises placing the thermal transfer region so that the thermal transfer region does not contact the perioribtal, or cheek regions of the subject's face.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein maintaining the temperature comprises maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region within the target temperature range for at least 30 min.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein maintaining the temperature comprises maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region within the target temperature range for at least 1 hour.
19. A method of decreasing sleep onset latency, the method comprising:
securing an applicator on a subject's forehead so that a thermal transfer region of the applicator contacts the subject's forehead, wherein the thermal transfer region does not contact the perioribtal or cheek regions of the subject's face; and
reducing sleep onset latency by maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region within a target temperature within a target temperature range that is between 25 and 42° C. for at least 15 minutes.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising placing a disposable interface on the applicator before positioning the applicator, wherein the disposable interface forms at least a part of the thermal transfer region and is configured to contact the subject's forehead.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein securing the applicator comprises positioning the thermal transfer region so that the thermal transfer region does not contact the top or back of the subject's head.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein securing the applicator comprises positioning the thermal transfer region only against the subject's forehead.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature for at least about 1 hour.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature for at least about 4 hours.
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region comprises maintaining the temperature within the target temperature for the subject's entire sleep period.
26. A method of increasing sleep duration, the method comprising:
securing an applicator on the forehead of a subject so that a thermal transfer region of the applicator contacts the subject's forehead, wherein the thermal transfer region does not contact the perioribtal or cheek regions of the subject's face; and
increasing sleep duration by maintaining the temperature of the thermal transfer region within a target temperature within a target temperature range that is between 25 and 42° C. for at least 15 minutes.