Medical constructs of twisted lengths of collagen fibers and methods of making same

1. A medical construct, comprising:

at least one biocompatible cable comprising a plurality of strands twisted together a number of twists per fiber meter in a first rotative direction,

wherein each strand comprises a plurality of parallel arrays of long collagen fibers produced from pepsin solubilized collagen twisted together a number of twists per fiber meter in a second rotative direction opposite the first rotative direction, said number of twists per fiber meter in the second rotative direction being substantially the same in each of the strands, wherein the medical construct has a length between 10 cm and 15 cm,

wherein the number of twists per fiber meter in the second rotative direction is between about 50%-300% that of the number of twists per fiber meter in the first rotative direction,

wherein the strands each have between about 10-1000 twists per fiber meter in the first and second rotative directions, and wherein the at least one biocompatible cable has a denier that is between about 20 to about 80.

2. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable has between about 2000-4000 of the long collagen fibers.

3. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein said construct comprises between 90-270 of the long collagen fibers.

4. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the number of twists per strand is substantially the same for each strand.

5. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the long collagen fibers of the parallel arrays of the long collagen fibers have a cross-sectional size, on average, of between about 0.001 inches to about 0.1 inches, wherein the plurality of parallel arrays of long collagen fibers per strand is between about 2 to 1200, and wherein said construct has a tensile strength (wet) of one of the following: 65 N (average), 105 N (average), 108 N (average) or 135 N (average).

6. A medical construct according to claim 1 , further comprising a biocompatible coating on end portions thereof to inhibit unraveling of the twists, wherein the coating comprises cyanoacrylate.

7. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is biodegradable.

8. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is biodegradable and is sized and configured to either (a) define a ligament bioprosthesis, (b) repair or replace an ACL, (c) repair or replace an ulnar collateral ligament, (d) repair or replace an AC ligament and support the AC joint, (e) repair or replace a coracoclavicular ligament, (f) stabilize bones in conjunction with a Hallus Valgus procedure or (g) stabilize a spinal column, and/or fixation or stabilization of cervical, thoracic and/or lumbar fractures.

9. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is in a loop configuration and is used in a cerclage repair or reinforcement of oblique bone fractures or soft tissue.

10. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is configured to elastically stretch in tension under normal loading conditions between about 10-30%.

11. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is biodegradable and is sized and configured to define a flexor tendon bioprosthesis.

12. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the medical construct is held in a sterile package.

13. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is a 30 collagen fiber cable with three strands of the plurality of parallel arrays of long collagen fibers, and wherein each strand comprises ten long collagen fibers.

14. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one cable comprises between 2-12 strands and each strand comprises between 2-100 of the parallel arrays of long collagen fibers.

15. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable is a 180 collagen fiber cable having a 20×3×3 configuration whereby there are: (a) 20 of the long collagen fibers of the parallel arrays of long collagen fibers individually twisted per strand×3 strands twisted together; then (b) 3 of the construct of (a) (20×3 or 60 fibers) twisted together (3×60), and wherein the number of (b) twists is between about 200-300 twists per meter.

16. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable has a configuration of A×B×C, whereby there are: (i) a number “A” of the parallel arrays of long collagen fibers each having a number of twists per fiber meter; (ii) a number “B” of the twisted A fibers or groups of fibers twisted together; and (iii) a number “C” of the B constructs twisted together, wherein the twisted groups of (i) have a number of twists per fiber meter between about 100-300 on average, and wherein the twisted constructs of “B” and “C” are twisted together with between about 100-300 twists per fiber meter on average.

17. A medical construct according to claim 16 , wherein the number of separate groups of the parallel arrays of long collagen fibers in “A” is between about 2-100, and wherein the number of twisted fiber groups of “B” and “C” is between about 2-12.

18. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable has 108 of the parallel arrays of long collagen fibers in a 4×3×3×3 configuration whereby there are: (a) 4 individually twisted parallel arrays of long collagen fibers per strand; (b) 3 of the 4 fiber strands of (a) twisted together; (c) 3 of the twisted strands of (b) twisted together; and (c) 3 of the twisted strands of (c) twisted together.

19. A medical construct according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biocompatible cable has between 30-360 of the parallel arrays of long collagen fibers, and wherein the long collagen fibers are high-strength NDGA collagen fibers.