Composite filament 3D printing using complementary reinforcement formations
In a method for additive manufacturing, a multi-strand core reinforced filament including a flowable matrix material and substantially continuous reinforcing strands extending in a direction parallel to a length of the filament is supplied. A first consolidated composite swath of a height less than ½ the width of the filament is deposited in a first reinforcement formation including at least one straight path and at least one curved path against a deposition surface, and a second consolidated composite swath of a height less than ½ the width of the filament is deposited in a second reinforcement formation against the first consolidated composite swath. Each deposition flows the matrix material and applies an ironing force to spread the reinforcing strands within the filament against the underlying surface and/or previously deposited swath.
1. A method for additive manufacturing a part, comprising steps of:
depositing, with at least one print head of a 3D printer, a fill material filament;
depositing, with the at least one print head of the 3D printer, a core reinforced filament including a flowable matrix material and one or more substantially continuous reinforcing strands;
applying an ironing force with the at least one print head of the 3D printer to the filament to press the reinforcing strands against a deposition surface and/or a previous layer and to spread the strands within the flowable matrix of the filament;
after the matrix is melted applying a tension with the at least one print head of the 3D printer such that a tensile force extends along the ironed filament;
forming a layer of the ironed filament along a toolpath with the at least one print head of the 3D printer; and
forming one or more subsequent layers of the ironed filament along neighboring toolpaths with the at least one print head of the 3D printer,
wherein the ironing force applied to the one or more subsequent layers along the neighboring toolpaths further spreads strands therebetween the one or more subsequent layers and the previous layer beside and/or below, and
wherein the depositing and applying steps of the neighboring toolpaths form complementary reinforcing formations in the additively manufactured part.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ironing force applied to the one or more subsequent layers diffuses the strands therebetween the one or more subsequent layers and the previous layer beside and/or below.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ironing force applied to the one or more subsequent layers results in the strands penetrating into a subsequent or previous layer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the layer of the ironed filament along the toolpath comprises following a circuit.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises substantially cloning the circuit.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises following an adjacent circuit.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more subsequent layers is adjacent to the layer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers comprises substantially cloning the layer.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the layer of the ironed filament along the toolpath comprises following at least one contour.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises following at least a portion of the toolpath parallel to the at least one contour.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises inwardly spiraling from an outer layer having a substantially positive contour.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises outwardly spiraling from an inner layer having a substantially negative contour.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises forming a protrusion to link the layer to a subsequent layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of forming the protrusion comprises forming a buffer zone, wherein the buffer zone substantially overlaps with a portion of the layer.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the overlap extends a length of the layer about 1% to about 20%.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises a step of repositioning, with a controller of the 3D printer, the neighboring toolpaths to avoid stacking seams or stress concentrations in the one or more subsequent layers.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of repositioning, with the controller of the 3D printer, the neighboring toolpaths to avoid stacking seams or stress concentrations comprises relatively displacing, with the controller of the 3D printer, gaps within the layer.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the step of repositioning, with the controller of the 3D printer, the neighboring toolpaths to avoid stacking seams or stress concentrations comprises a step of changing, with the controller of the 3D printer, turning locations of toolpaths among layers.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of changing, with the controller of the 3D printer, turning locations comprises regularly varying, with the controller of the 3D printer, an entry/exit location along a toolpath.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of changing, with the controller of the 3D printer, turning locations comprises randomly varying, with the controller of the 3D printer, an entry/exit location of the fill material filament and the core reinforced filament along a toolpath.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the step of forming one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths, offsetting from the toolpath.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises outlining the toolpath.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises following the toolpath.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming the one or more subsequent layers along neighboring toolpaths comprises tracing the toolpath.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of depositing the core reinforced filament comprises heating the filament to a temperature that is greater than a melting temperature of the matrix material and is less than a melting temperature of the continuous reinforcing strands.