Battery module for vehicle energy-storage systems
Provided are battery modules. Each module may comprise an enclosure having a base, the base having a plurality of first holes disposed therein, the enclosure including a coolant input port, a coolant output port; the enclosure having a coolant sub-system for circulating coolant being directed into the enclosure through the coolant input port and the plurality of first holes and out of the enclosure through the coolant output port; a center divider affixed to the enclosure; a module cover coupled to the enclosure at an opposite end of the module from the center divider; a retainer disposed within the enclosure and configured to support a plurality of cells; a current carrier disposed between the module cover and the retainer; and the plurality of cells disposed between the current carrier and the center divider, the cells being coupled to and supported by the retainer.
1. A battery comprising a plurality of battery modules fluidically coupled in series along a linear liquid coolant flow path, each battery module of the plurality of battery modules fluidically coupled in series comprising:
an enclosure having a base, the base having a plurality of first holes disposed therein, the base configured to support a plurality of cylindrical cells at a first end of each cell, the cylindrical cells having cylinder axes parallel to the linear liquid coolant flow path, the enclosure including a coolant input port and a coolant output port; the enclosure having a coolant sub-system for circulating coolant being directed into the enclosure through the coolant input port and the plurality of first holes and out of the enclosure through the coolant output port, wherein the enclosure further includes a channel connected to a channel of an adjacent one of the plurality of battery modules to define a contiguous linear portion of the linear liquid coolant flow path parallel to the cylinder axes of the cylindrical cells;
a center divider affixed to the enclosure;
a module cover coupled to the enclosure at an opposite end of the module from the center divider;
a retainer coupled to the enclosure at a location within the enclosure and spaced from the base to define a coolant flow area, the retainer comprising a retainer plate having a plurality of circular retainer holes extending therethrough, the circular retainer holes configured to support the plurality of cells at a second end of each cell opposite the first end;
a current carrier disposed between the module cover and the retainer; and
the plurality of cells disposed between the current carrier and the center divider, the cells being coupled to and supported by the retainer.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of first holes each have a diameter in a range from 0.1 mm-5 mm.
3. The battery of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of first holes are disposed on the base such that each first hole of the plurality of first holes receives substantially the same inlet pressure and approximately the same volume flow is maintained through each first hole.
4. The battery of claim 3 , wherein the substantially same inlet pressure is in a range of 0.05 psi-5 psi and the approximately same volume flow is 0.05 L/min-5 L/min.
5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the module cover, the enclosure, and the center divider are each comprised of at least one of: polycarbonate, polypropylene, acrylic, nylon, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and the module cover and the center divider are each affixed to the enclosure, forming a hermetic seal.
6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the module cover and center divider comprise laser-transmissive polycarbonate, the enclosure comprises laser-absorptive polycarbonate, and the module cover and the center divider are each affixed to the enclosure, forming a hermetic seal.
7. The battery of claim 1 further comprising:
a tray having the plurality of modules disposed therein, the tray including:
a positive bus bar;
a negative bus bar, the positive and negative bus bars being separately electrically coupled to the power connectors associated with the plurality of modules; and
a plurality of lateral supports; and
a coolant system for circulating coolant being pumped into the tray such that each of the modules is at approximately the same predetermined temperature.
8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the retainer includes a plurality of second holes configured to direct the coolant from the base of the enclosure to the current carrier.
9. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the current carrier includes a plurality of third holes configured to direct the coolant outside of the enclosure.
10. The battery of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of second holes and the plurality of third holes are substantially aligned.
11. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the current carrier is coupled to the retainer through a plurality of stubs formed on the retainer.
12. The battery of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the cells are fixedly attached to the retainer by an adhesive.
13. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the retainer further comprises a first coolant hole extending through the retainer plate to form a coolant flow path in communication with the coolant input port and a second coolant hole extending through the retainer plate to form a coolant flow path in communication with the coolant output port.