Strain isolation structures for stretchable electronics
Buffer structures are provided that can be used to reduce a strain in a conformable electronic system that includes compliant components in electrical communication with more rigid device components. The buffer structures are disposed on, or at least partially embedded in, the conformable electronic system such that the buffer structures overlap with at least a portion of a junction region between a compliant component and a more rigid device component. The buffer structure can have a higher value of Young's modulus than an encapsulant of the conformable electronic system.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a silicon-based semiconductor device component;
a flexible base, the silicon-based semiconductor device component being disposed on, or at least partially embedded in, the flexible base;
at least one conductive stretchable interconnect in electrical communication with the silicon-based semiconductor device component, the at least one conductive stretchable interconnect forming the electrical communication with the silicon-based semiconductor device component at a junction region;
a buffer structure having an annular shape with an inner edge surface defining an inner diameter of the annular shape and an outer edge surface defining an outer diameter of the annular shape, the inner edge surface of the buffer structure being horizontally offset from the junction region in a first direction and the outer edge surface of the buffer structure being horizontally offset from the junction region in a second opposing direction; and
an encapsulant encapsulating at least the silicon-based semiconductor device component and the junction region, wherein:
the buffer structure overlaps with at least a portion of the flexible base;
the flexible base has a higher value of Young's modulus than the encapsulant; and
the buffer structure has a higher value of Young's modulus than the encapsulant.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer structure includes a polymer.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the polymer includes a polyimide.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one conductive stretchable interconnect comprises gold, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, silver, a doped semiconductor, a conductive polymer, or any combination thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer structure is sized, shaped, and positioned to redistribute strain imparted on the apparatus away from the junction region.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer structure is more rigid than the encapsulant.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer structure is thicker than the at least one conductive stretchable interconnect.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one conductive stretchable interconnect is positioned in a first layer of the apparatus and wherein the buffer structure is positioned in a second layer of the apparatus that is spaced from the first layer of the apparatus.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the first layer is in a first X-Y plane and the second layer is in a second X-Y plane, the first and second X-Y planes being spaced from each other along a Z-axis that is perpendicular to both of the first and second X-Y planes.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the buffer structure is formed from a non-conductive material.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant includes an elastomer.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant includes a silicone polymer.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant includes polyurethane.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant is biocompatible.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulant has a thickness of about 100 micrometers, about 125 micrometers, about 150 micrometers, about 175 micrometers, about 200 micrometers, about 225 micrometers, about 250 micrometers, about 300 micrometers, or greater.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible base includes a polymeric material.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible base includes a silicone polymer.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible base is formed from a biodegradable material.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible base has a thickness of about 5 micrometers, about 7.5 micrometers, about 9 micrometers, about 12 micrometers, or greater.