FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK
Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.
1 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:
At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.
2 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to claim 1 wherein the FT liquids have the following carbon characteristics:
Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
HFTL C7-C102
Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material
Min
Max
C4-C09
0.087
0.23
C10-C19
0.18
0.36
C20-C29
0.17
0.22
C30-C39
0.09
0.11
C40+
0.07
0.18
+C10
>
0.70.
3 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock, the high biogenic content fuel comprising:
at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.
4 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 3 , wherein the FT liquids have the following carbon characteristics:
Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
HFTL C7-C102
Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material
Min
Max
C4-C09
0.087
0.23
C10-C19
0.18
0.36
C20-C29
0.17
0.22
C30-C39
0.09
0.11
C40+
0.07
0.18
+C10
>
0.70.
5 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to claim 4 wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.
6 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock, the fuel comprising:
a fuel additive that is at least one of a naphtha fuel, a diesel fuel or Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the feedstock to the process creating the Fischer-Tropsch liquids,
wherein the high biogenic concentration is confirmable by radiocarbon dating and there is up to 100% biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids as opposed to non-biogenic carbon derived from fossil sources of carbon.
7 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to claim 6 wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.
8 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock, according to claim 6 wherein the high biogenic content fuel comprises:
at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.
9 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 8 wherein the renewable organic feedstock is processed by sub-stoichiometric carbon oxidation and hydrocarbon reformation while producing syngas, including CO, H2 and CO2.
10 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 9 wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reactor provides FT liquids including a heavy FT liquid fraction (HFTL), and a medium/lighter FT liquid fraction (MFTL).
11 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 7 wherein the Fischer Tropsch derived liquids have the following carbons characteristics:
Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
HFTL C7-C102
Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material
Min
Max
C4-C09
0.087
0.23
C10-C19
0.18
0.36
C20-C29
0.17
0.22
C30-C39
0.09
0.11
C40+
0.07
0.18
+C10
>
0.70.
12 . A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials, wherein the Fischer Tropsch derived liquids have the following carbons characteristics:
Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
HFTL C7-C102
Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material:
Min
Max
C4-C09
0.087
0.23
C10-C19
0.18
0.36
C20-C29
0.17
0.22
C30-C39
0.09
0.11
C40+
0.07
0.18
+C10
>
0.70.
wherein the system comprises:
a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the renewable feedstock;
b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI selectively receives:
the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H2, H2O and CO2:
selectively receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; and
selectively receives recycled CO2.
13 . A system according to claim 12 further including a syngas conditioning system and an F-T reactor that receives syngas from the syngas conditioning system.
14 . A system according to claim 13 wherein the syngas conditioning system provides the CO2 recycle to the Gasification Island.
15 . A system according to claim 12 wherein the F-T reactor provides FT liquids, including a heavy FT liquid fraction (HFTL) and a medium liquid fraction MFTL, and F-T tailgas.
16 . A system according to claim 15 wherein the F-T tailgas is recycled to the F-T reactor.
17 . A system according to claim 15 further including a hydrocracker for receiving the F-T liquids.
18 . A system according to claim 17 further including a fractionator for receiving heavy crackate and light crackate from the hydrocracker.
19 . A system according to claim 18 wherein the fractionator provides the recycled high biogenic hydrocarbon products.
20 . A system according to claim 19 wherein the fractionator provides the high biogenic concentration of SPK or of Naphtha or of Diesel or of a combination of all three.
21 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 12 wherein said liquids includes fuels.
22 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 21 wherein said liquids includes diesel fuel.
23 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 21 wherein said liquids include synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK).
24 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 21 wherein said liquids include naphtha.
25 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 21 wherein in said liquids include at least naphtha, diesel fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK).
26 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 21 wherein CO, H2 and CO2 are recycled along with the recycled selected hydrocarbon products including naphtha and methane.
27 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 26 wherein the recycled selected hydrocarbon products and intermediate products include tail gas from the Fischer-Tropsch process.
28 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to claim 21 wherein high biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in the process is removed from the gas streams and a portion of the CO2 is recycled to the gasification system.
29 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 6 wherein the Fischer-Tropsch liquids are produced in a process including the steps of:
a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from the feedstock source material to produce a feedstock that is contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the source material; and
b) in a bio-refinery, converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon.
30 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 6 wherein the high biogenic content fuel additive is added to fossil based fuels.
31 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 30 wherein the fossil based fuels are comprised of jet fuel.
32 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 31 wherein the high biogenic content fuel additive is added to the jet fuel at a percentage of up to 50%.
33 . A high biogenic content jet fuel comprising:
a high biogenic fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock sources and comprising Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon; and
fossil based jet fuel,
wherein the percentage of the high biogenic fuel additive is up to 50%.
34 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 30 wherein the fossil based fuels are comprised of diesel fuel.
35 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to claim 34 wherein the high biogenic content fuel additive is added to the diesel fuel at a percentage of up to 100%.