Gas flow monitoring in additive manufacturing
A method of controlling an additive manufacturing process in which a directed energy source is used to selectively fuse powdered material to form a workpiece, in the presence of a gas flow, the method including: using at least one gas flow sensor to generate at least one gas flow measurement; and controlling at least one aspect of the additive manufacturing process in response to the at least one gas flow measurement.
1. A method of controlling an additive manufacturing process in which a directed energy source is used to selectively fuse powdered material to form a workpiece, in the presence of a gas flow, the method comprising:
using at least one gas flow sensor to generate at least one gas flow measurement, wherein at least one gas flow sensor is measured at a predetermined location of lowest flow over a build surface; and
controlling at least one aspect of the additive manufacturing process in response to the at least one gas flow measurement.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one gas flow measurement is gas flow rate or gas velocity.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of controlling is in response to the at least one gas flow measurement exceeding one or more predetermined gas flow limits.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the predetermined gas flow limit includes a maximum difference between two or more spaced-apart gas flow sensors.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of controlling includes changing at least one process parameter of the additive manufacturing process.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the at least one process parameter includes a gas flow rate.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the controlled process parameter includes at least one of: directed energy source power level and beam scan velocity.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the controlled process parameter includes powder layer thickness.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising using a process sensor to monitor at least one process aspect in addition to the at least one gas flow sensor.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the process aspect includes at least one of: melt pool size, melt pool electromagnetic emission, and melt pool acoustic emission.
11. A method of making a workpiece, comprising:
depositing a powdered material in a build chamber disposed in a housing, while using a gas flow apparatus coupled in fluid communication with the housing to provide a gas flow over the powder;
in the presence of the gas flow, directing a build beam from a directed energy source to selectively fuse the powdered material in a pattern corresponding to a cross-sectional layer of the workpiece;
using at least one gas flow sensor to generate at least one measurement of the gas flow wherein at least one gas flow sensor is measured at a predetermined location of lowest flow over a build surface; and
controlling at least one aspect of making the workpiece in response to the at least one gas flow measurement.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising repeating in a cycle the steps of depositing and fusing to build up the workpiece in a layer-by layer fashion.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the at least one gas flow measurement is gas flow rate or gas velocity.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of controlling is in response to the at least one gas flow measurement exceeding one or more predetermined gas flow limits.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the predetermined gas flow limit includes a maximum difference between two or more spaced-apart gas flow sensors.
16. The method of claim 11 wherein the step of controlling includes changing at least one process parameter of an additive manufacturing process.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the at least one process parameter includes a gas flow rate.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the controlled process parameter includes at least one of: directed energy source power level and beam scan velocity.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein the controlled process parameter includes powder layer thickness.
20. The method of claim 11 further comprising using a process sensor to monitor at least one process aspect in addition to the at least one gas flow sensor.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the process aspect includes at least one of: melt pool size, melt pool electromagnetic emission, and melt pool acoustic emission.
22. The method of claim 11 wherein:
the gas flow apparatus includes an inlet duct coupled to the housing and positioned adjacent a leading edge of the build chamber;
the gas flow apparatus includes a return duct coupled to the housing and positioned adjacent a trailing edge of the build chamber that is spaced away from the leading edge; and
the gas flow is measured using an array of spaced-apart gas flow sensors disposed adjacent to at least one of the leading edge and the trailing edge.
23. The method of claim 11 wherein:
the gas flow apparatus includes an inlet duct coupled to the housing and positioned adjacent a leading edge of the build chamber;
the gas flow apparatus includes a return duct coupled to the housing and positioned adjacent a trailing edge of the build chamber that is spaced away from the leading edge; and
the gas flow is measured using a gas flow sensor disposed in the gas flow apparatus external to the housing.