Methods and systems for making well-fined glass using submerged combustion

1. A method comprising:

melting glass-forming materials to produce a turbulent molten mass of foamed glass in a submerged combustion melter (SCM), the SCM comprising a roof, a floor, a sidewall structure connecting the roof and floor, and an outlet for the molten mass of foamed glass in the floor and/or the sidewall structure;

routing the molten mass of foamed glass through the SCM outlet to a fining chamber defined by a first flow channel fluidly connected to and downstream of the SCM, the first flow channel comprising at least a floor, a sidewall structure, and a roof that slants upward in the flow direction at an angle “γ” to horizontal, the first flow channel having glass-contact refractory lining the floor and at least a portion of the flow channel sidewall structure to a height sufficient to accommodate expansion of the molten mass of foamed glass as fining occurs during transit through the fining chamber;

separating the molten mass of foamed glass into an upper phase consisting essentially of glass foam and a lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as the molten mass of foamed glass flows toward an end of the first flow channel distal from the SCM; and

routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through a passage defined by a transition section fluidly connected to the distal end of the first flow channel, the transition section comprising a floor and a cover, the floor and cover connected by a sidewall structure, and comprising an inlet end structure and an outlet end structure, the inlet end structure comprising at least one molten glass inlet aperture and the outlet end structure comprising at least one molten glass outlet aperture, wherein all of the inlet apertures are positioned lower than a phase boundary between the upper and lower phases in the first flow channel.

2. The method of claim 1 comprising routing the phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the at least one outlet aperture of the outlet end structure of the transition section to a temperature homogenizing chamber defined by a second flow channel fluidly connected to the outlet end structure of the transition section, and forming a temperature homogenized molten glass.

3. The method of claim 2 comprising feeding at least a portion of the temperature homogenized molten glass to one or more glass forming stations.

4. The method of claim 3 comprising wherein the glass forming stations are selected from the group consisting of fiber forming spinnerets, fiberization stations, and non-glass fiber product forming stations.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the transition section comprises flowing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the at least one inlet aperture, wherein 100 percent of the inlet aperture is lower than the floor of the first flow channel.

6. The method of claim 1 comprising heating the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass in the transition section to maintain the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass in the molten state.

7. The method of claim 1 comprising cooling the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as it passes through the transition section to a temperature just above a desired glass product forming temperature.

8. A method comprising:

melting glass-forming materials to produce a turbulent molten mass of foamed glass in a submerged combustion melter (SCM), the SCM comprising a roof, a floor, a sidewall structure connecting the roof and floor, and an outlet for the molten mass of foamed glass in the floor and/or sidewall structure;

routing the molten mass of foamed glass through the SCM outlet to a fining chamber defined by a first flow channel fluidly connected to and downstream of the SCM, the first flow channel comprising at least a floor, a sidewall structure, and a roof that slants upward in the flow direction at an angle “γ” to horizontal, the first flow channel having glass-contact refractory lining the floor and at least a portion of the first flow channel sidewall structure to a height sufficient to accommodate expansion of the molten mass of foamed glass as fining occurs during transit through the fining chamber;

separating the molten mass of foamed glass into an upper phase consisting essentially of glass foam and a lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as the molten mass of foamed glass flows toward an end of the first flow channel distal from the SCM;

routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through a passage defined by a transition section fluidly connected to the distal end of the first flow channel, the transition section comprising a floor and a cover, the floor and cover connected by a sidewall structure, and comprising an inlet end wall and an outlet end wall, the inlet end wall comprising at least one molten glass inlet aperture and the outlet end wall comprising at least one molten glass outlet aperture, wherein 100 percent of the inlet aperture is lower than the floor of the first flow channel; and

routing the phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the outlet aperture of the end wall of the transition section to a temperature homogenizing chamber defined by a second flow channel fluidly connected to the outlet end wall of the transition section, the second flow channel comprising a geometry sufficient to form a temperature homogenized, well-fined molten glass.

9. The method of claim 8 comprising adjusting temperature of the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as it passes through the passage.

10. The method of claim 9 comprising feeding at least a portion of the temperature homogenized, well-fined molten glass to one or more glass forming stations.

11. The method of claim 10 comprising wherein the glass forming stations are selected from the group consisting of fiber forming spinnerets, fiberization stations, and non-glass fiber product forming stations.

12. The method of claim 8 comprising heating the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass in the transition section to maintain the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass in the molten state.

13. The method of claim 8 comprising cooling the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as it passes through the transition section to a temperature just above a desired glass product forming temperature.

14. A method comprising:

melting glass-forming materials to produce a turbulent molten mass of foamed glass in a submerged combustion melter (SCM), the SCM comprising a roof, a floor, a sidewall structure connecting the roof and floor, and an outlet for the molten mass of foamed glass in the floor and/or the sidewall structure;

routing the molten mass of foamed glass through the SCM outlet to a fining chamber defined by a first flow channel fluidly connected to and downstream of the SCM, the first flow channel comprising at least a floor, a sidewall structure, the first flow channel having glass-contact refractory lining the floor and at least a portion of the flow channel sidewall structure to a height sufficient to accommodate expansion of the molten mass of foamed glass as fining occurs during transit through the fining chamber;

separating the molten mass of foamed glass into an upper phase consisting essentially of glass foam and a lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as the molten mass of foamed glass flows toward an end of the first flow channel distal from the SCM;

routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through a passage defined by a transition section fluidly connected to the distal end of the first flow channel, the transition section comprising a floor and a cover, the floor and cover connected by a sidewall structure, and comprising an inlet end structure and an outlet end structure, the inlet end structure comprising at least one molten glass inlet aperture and the outlet end structure comprising at least one molten glass outlet aperture, wherein all of the inlet apertures are positioned lower than a phase boundary between the upper and lower phases in the first flow channel;

routing the phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the at least one outlet aperture of the outlet end structure of the transition section to a temperature homogenizing chamber defined by a second flow channel fluidly connected to the outlet end structure of the transition section, and forming a temperature homogenized molten glass; and

allowing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass to well up through the outlet end structure at an angle wherein the transition section cover slants upward in the flow direction at an angle “θ” to horizontal into an inlet end of the second flow channel, and the temperature homogenized molten glass is formed while flowing the molten glass from the inlet end of the second flow channel to an outlet end of the second flow channel, where the outlet end of the second flow channel is distal from the transition section.

15. A method comprising:

melting glass-forming materials to produce a turbulent molten mass of foamed glass in a submerged combustion melter (SCM), the SCM comprising a roof, a floor, a sidewall structure connecting the roof and floor, and an outlet for the molten mass of foamed glass in the floor and/or the sidewall structure;

routing the molten mass of foamed glass through the SCM outlet to a fining chamber defined by a first flow channel fluidly connected to and downstream of the SCM, the first flow channel comprising at least a floor and a sidewall structure, the first flow channel having glass-contact refractory lining the floor and at least a portion of the flow channel sidewall structure to a height sufficient to accommodate expansion of the molten mass of foamed glass as fining occurs during transit through the fining chamber;

separating the molten mass of foamed glass into an upper phase consisting essentially of glass foam and a lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as the molten mass of foamed glass flows toward an end of the first flow channel distal from the SCM;

routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through a passage defined by a transition section fluidly connected to the distal end of the first flow channel, the transition section comprising a floor and a cover, the floor and cover connected by a sidewall structure, and comprising an inlet end structure and an outlet end structure, the inlet end structure comprising at least one molten glass inlet aperture and the outlet end structure comprising at least one molten glass outlet aperture, wherein all of the inlet apertures are positioned lower than a phase boundary between the upper and lower phases in the first flow channel; and

controllably flowing at least some of the phase consisting essentially of molten glass by gravity through at least one aperture in the floor of the transition section upon a planned or unplanned condition.

16. A method comprising:

melting glass-forming materials to produce a turbulent molten mass of foamed glass in a submerged combustion melter (SCM), the SCM comprising a roof, a floor, a sidewall structure connecting the roof and floor, and an outlet for the molten mass of foamed glass in the floor and/or sidewall structure;

routing the molten mass of foamed glass through the SCM outlet to a fining chamber defined by a first flow channel fluidly connected to and downstream of the SCM, the first flow channel comprising at least a floor and a sidewall structure, the first flow channel having glass-contact refractory lining the floor and at least a portion of the first flow channel sidewall structure to a height sufficient to accommodate expansion of the molten mass of foamed glass as fining occurs during transit through the fining chamber;

separating the molten mass of foamed glass into an upper phase consisting essentially of glass foam and a lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as the molten mass of foamed glass flows toward an end of the first flow channel distal from the SCM;

routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through a passage defined by a transition section fluidly connected to the distal end of the first flow channel, the transition section comprising a floor and a cover, the floor and cover connected by a sidewall structure, and comprising an inlet end wall and an outlet end wall, the inlet end wall comprising at least one molten glass inlet aperture and the outlet end wall comprising at least one molten glass outlet aperture, wherein 100 percent of the inlet aperture is lower than the floor of the first flow channel;

routing the phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the outlet aperture of the end wall of the transition section to a temperature homogenizing chamber defined by a second flow channel fluidly connected to the outlet end wall of the transition section, the second flow channel comprising a geometry sufficient to form a temperature homogenized, well-fined molten glass; and

allowing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass to well up through the outlet end structure at an angle wherein the transition section cover slants upward in the flow direction at an angle “θ” to horizontal into an inlet end of the second flow channel, and the temperature homogenized molten glass is formed while flowing the molten glass from the inlet end of the second flow channel to an outlet end of the second flow channel, where the outlet end of the second flow channel is distal from the transition section.

17. A method comprising:

melting glass-forming materials to produce a turbulent molten mass of foamed glass in a submerged combustion melter (SCM), the SCM comprising a roof, a floor, a sidewall structure connecting the roof and floor, and an outlet for the molten mass of foamed glass in the floor and/or sidewall structure;

routing the molten mass of foamed glass through the SCM outlet to a fining chamber defined by a first flow channel fluidly connected to and downstream of the SCM, the first flow channel comprising at least a floor and a sidewall structure, the first flow channel having glass-contact refractory lining the floor and at least a portion of the first flow channel sidewall structure to a height sufficient to accommodate expansion of the molten mass of foamed glass as fining occurs during transit through the fining chamber;

separating the molten mass of foamed glass into an upper phase consisting essentially of glass foam and a lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass as the molten mass of foamed glass flows toward an end of the first flow channel distal from the SCM;

routing the lower phase consisting essentially of molten glass through a passage defined by a transition section fluidly connected to the distal end of the first flow channel, the transition section comprising a floor and a cover, the floor and cover connected by a sidewall structure, and comprising an inlet end wall and an outlet end wall, the inlet end wall comprising at least one molten glass inlet aperture and the outlet end wall comprising at least one molten glass outlet aperture, wherein 100 percent of the inlet aperture is lower than the floor of the first flow channel;

routing the phase consisting essentially of molten glass through the outlet aperture of the end wall of the transition section to a temperature homogenizing chamber defined by a second flow channel fluidly connected to the outlet end wall of the transition section, the second flow channel comprising a geometry sufficient to form a temperature homogenized, well-fined molten glass; and

controllably flowing at least some of the phase consisting essentially of molten glass by gravity through at least one aperture in the floor of the transition section upon a planned or unplanned condition.