Scanning apparatus, confocal observation apparatus and disk scanning apparatus

1. A scanning apparatus comprising:

a light source;

a spatial light modulator configured to have a flat first reflection surface and to modulate an incident beam of light on the first reflection surface;

an illumination lens configured to irradiate the spatial light modulator with a beam of light from the light source and to refract a principal ray of a beam of light modulated by the spatial light modulator so that an angle between the principal ray and an optical axis of the illumination lens decreases, the first reflection surface being located in a back focal plane of the illumination lens; and

a first reflector that directs, toward the illumination lens, a beam of light by reflecting the beam of light multiple times between the illumination lens and a front focal plane of the illumination lens, the beam of light being modulated by the spatial light modulator and entering through the illumination lens,

wherein:

the illumination lens converts a beam of light reflected on the first reflection surface into a convergent beam, and

the first reflector converts an incident beam of light into a divergent beam that has an inverted travelling direction and has been shifted in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.

2. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the illumination lens converts the beam of light from the light source into a beam of light inclined with respect to a normal line of the first reflection surface.

3. A scanning apparatus comprising:

a light source;

a spatial light modulator configured to have a flat first reflection surface and to modulate an incident beam of light on the first reflection surface;

an illumination lens configured to irradiate the spatial light modulator with a beam of light from the light source and to refract a principal ray of a beam of light modulated by the spatial light modulator so that an angle between the principal ray and an optical axis of the illumination lens decreases; and

a first reflector that directs, toward the illumination lens, a beam of light by reflecting the beam of light multiple times between the illumination lens and a front focal plane of the illumination lens, the beam of light being modulated by the spatial light modulator and entering through the illumination lens,

wherein the illumination lens and the spatial light modulator are arranged so that a first image of the light source is formed, in a state in which the first reflector is excluded, by the illumination lens in a first position that is closer than the front focal plane of the illumination lens to the illumination lens.

4. The scanning apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the first reflector is arranged so that a second image of the light source is formed by the illumination lens in a position from which a distance to the first reflector in a direction of the optical axis of the illumination lens is not greater than a predetermined distance.

5. The scanning apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein:

the first reflector has two second reflection surfaces that reflect a beam of light entering through the illumination lens and that each have a normal line, the respective normal lines being perpendicular to each other,

two planes defined by the two second reflection surfaces intersect with each other in a position farther away than the front focal plane from the illumination lens, and

when Δ represents a distance between a line of intersection of the two planes defined by the two second reflection surfaces and the front focal plane of the illumination lens, and 2×D 1 represents an amount of shift of a beam of light directed from the illumination lens to the first position with respect to a beam of light directed from the light source to the illumination lens and in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, the following conditional expression is satisfied: 0<Δ<2×D 1 .

6. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the illumination lens and the spatial light modulator are arranged so that a first image of the light source is formed, in a state in which the first reflector is excluded, by the illumination lens in the front focal plane of the illumination lens or in the proximity of the front focal plane.

7. The scanning apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the first reflector is arranged so that a second image of the light source is formed by the illumination lens in a position that is optically equivalent to the front focal plane or the proximity of the front focal plane.

8. The scanning apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein:

the first reflector has two second reflection surfaces that reflect a beam of light entering through the illumination lens and that each have a normal line, the respective normal lines being perpendicular to each other, and

two planes defined by the two second reflection surfaces intersect with each other in the front focal plane of the illumination lens or in the proximity of the front focal plane.

9. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the spatial light modulator is arranged in the back focal plane of the illumination lens or in the proximity of the back focal plane.

10. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a second reflector configured to direct, toward the illumination lens, the beam of light modulated by the spatial light modulator and entering through the illumination lens.

11. The scanning apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the second reflector is arranged in a position farther away than the first reflector from the optical axis, the position being near the first reflector.

12. The scanning apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the second reflector has a third reflection surface perpendicular to the optical axis.

13. The scanning apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the second reflector has two third reflection surfaces each having a normal line, the respective normal lines being perpendicular to each other.

14. A confocal observation apparatus comprising:

the scanning apparatus according to claim 1 ; and

an objective,

wherein the scanning apparatus includes the first reflection surface in a plane optically conjugate with a front focal plane of the objective.

15. The confocal observation apparatus according to claim 14 , further comprising a tube lens between the objective and the scanning apparatus,

wherein the tube lens and the illumination lens of the scanning apparatus are configured so that the front focal plane of the illumination lens is projected onto a back focal plane of the objective at a projection magnification not greater than 1×.

16. A disk scanning apparatus comprising:

a light source;

a disk configured to have a flat first reflection surface, apertures being formed in the disk;

an illumination lens configured to irradiate the disk with a beam of light from the light source and to refract a principal ray of a beam of light reflected on the first reflection surface of the disk so that an angle between the principal ray and an optical axis of the illumination lens decreases; and

a first reflector that directs, toward the illumination lens, a beam of light by reflecting the beam of light multiple times between the illumination lens and a front focal plane of the illumination lens, the beam of light being reflected on the disk and entering through the illumination lens;

wherein the illumination lens and the disk are arranged so that a first image of the light source is formed, in a state in which the first reflector is excluded, in the front focal plane of the illumination lens.