Absorbent article with cushion layer defining air pockets
Disposable absorbent articles and methods of making disposable absorbent articles that comprise: an absorbent structure; and a layer of cushion material configured to minimize user perception of hardness or hard spots in the absorbent structure.
1. A disposable absorbent article comprising:
an absorbent structure; and
a laminate comprising:
a layer of a nonwoven fabric; and
a layer of cushion material defining a plurality of air pockets between opposing first and second surfaces of the cushion material such that the first surface defines hills, the first surface facing the nonwoven fabric;
where the laminate has an uncompressed thickness of between 0.4 millimeters and 8.5 millimeters, and a thickness of between 0.1 millimeters and 5.0 millimeters when subjected to a compressive force of 500 grams;
where the laminate is positioned such that the cushion material is disposed between the nonwoven fabric and the absorbent structure and the nonwoven fabric defines an outer surface of the absorbent article.
2. The article of claim 1 , where the laminate comprises a layer of film such that the layer of film and the layer of cushion material are both disposed between the nonwoven fabric and the absorbent structure.
3. The article of claim 1 , where the laminate includes a z-direction deformation in the range of about 0.12 millimeters to 2.5 millimeters under a compressive force in the range of 50 to 500 grams.
4. The article of claim 1 , where the absorbent structure includes a superabsorbent polymeric (SAP) particulate material.
5. The article of claim 4 , where the absorbent structure includes cellulose fiber.
6. The article of claim 1 , where the layer of cushion material includes first and second films defining the plurality of air pockets, the first film defining the first surface of the cushion material and the second film defining the second surface of the cushion material.
7. The article of claim 6 , where:
at least one of the films is at least partially dimpled, pleated, or embossed; and
the cushion material is configured to exhibit a deformation in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.3 mm under a compression force in the range of 50 grams to 500 grams.
8. The article of claim 6 , where the first and second films are laminated to each other adhesively, thermally, by co-extrusion, ultrasonically, or any combination thereof.
9. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a spray or signature in an adhesive pattern with at least one spacing of 10 mm or larger such that the laminate is configured to exhibit a deformation in the range of 0.3 mm or more under a compressive force in the range of 50 grams to 500 grams.
10. The article of claim 1 , where the layer of cushion material includes a spunlace nonwoven defining the plurality of air pockets such that the laminate is configured to exhibit a deformation in the range of 0.18 mm to 1.2 mm under a compressive force in the range of 50 grams to 500 grams.
11. The article of claim 10 , where the spunlace nonwoven include fibers with 60% or more of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber blend.
12. The article of claim 1 , where the layer of cushion material includes a spunlace nonwoven having an embossed pattern facing away from the absorbent structure to define the plurality of air pockets.
13. The article of claim 1 , where the layer of cushion material includes a carded through-air bonded (TAB) nonwoven defining the plurality of air pockets and covering at least the absorbent structure, such that the laminate is configured to exhibit a deformation in the range of 0.4 mm or more under a compressive force in the range of 50 grams to 500 grams.
14. The article of claim 13 , where a basis weight of the carded TAB nonwoven is 22 gsm or higher with a fiber composition including any combination of the following: polyester, polypropylene (PP), bi-component fibers of PP-polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-PE, PET/co-extruded polyethylene terephthalate (co-PET), PP-PET, cotton, bleached cotton, unbleached cotton, jute, ramie, and flax.
15. The article of claim 1 , where the layer of cushion material includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of: closed-cell polymeric foam, open-cell polymeric foam, bubble wrap, and embossed paper.
16. The article of claim 1 , where the layer of cushion material is resilient.
17. The article of claim 1 , where the cushion material is laminated to the nonwoven fabric.
18. The article of claim 17 , where the first surface of the cushion material has one or more regions, each of which is disposed between at least two of the hills and is not bonded to the nonwoven fabric.
19. A method of assembling an absorbent article, the method comprising:
laminating a layer of cushion material and a layer of a nonwoven fabric to form a laminate, the layer of cushion material defining a plurality of air pockets between first and second surfaces of the cushion material such that the first surface defines hills, the first surface facing the nonwoven fabric; and
positioning the laminate on an absorbent structure such that the cushion material is disposed between the nonwoven fabric and the absorbent structure and the nonwoven fabric defines an outer surface of the absorbent article;
where the laminate has an uncompressed thickness of between 0.4 millimeters and 8.5 millimeters, and a thickness of between 0.1 millimeters and 5.0 millimeters when subjected to a compressive force of 500 grams.
20. The method of claim 19 , where the absorbent structure includes a superabsorbent polymeric (SAP) particulate material.
21. The method of claim 19 , where laminating the layer of cushion material and the layer of nonwoven fabric includes at least one joining process selected from the group consisting of: thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive lamination, pressure lamination, and co-extrusion.
22. The method of claim 19 , where the layer of cushion material includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of: closed-cell polymeric foam, open-cell polymeric foam, bubble wrap, and embossed paper.
23. The method of claim 22 , where the layer of cushion material includes at least one of the open-cell polymeric foam and the embossed paper and the method comprises bonding a liquid-impervious polymeric film to the cushion material.
24. The method of claim 19 , where the layer of cushion material includes a carded and through-air bonded nonwoven layer with a basis weight of 20 gsm or higher.
25. The method of claim 19 , where the positioning is performed such that the cushion material covers the absorbent structure.
26. The method of claim 19 , where:
the first surface of the cushion material has one or more regions, each of which is disposed between at least two of the hills; and
laminating is performed such that the cushion material is laminated to the nonwoven fabric and the region(s) of the cushion material are not bonded to the nonwoven fabric.
27. A disposable absorbent article, comprising:
an absorbent structure; and
a layer of cushion material coupled to the absorbent structure such that the layer of cushion material defines an outer surface of the absorbent article, the layer of cushion material defining a plurality of air pockets;
where the layer of cushion material has an uncompressed thickness of between 0.4 millimeters and 8.5 millimeters, and a thickness of between 0.1 millimeters and 5.0 millimeters when subjected to a compressive force of 500 grams; and
where the layer of cushion material includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of: closed-cell polymeric foam, open-cell polymeric foam, bubble wrap, and embossed paper.