Delivery and use of the CRISPR-Cas systems, vectors and compositions for hepatic targeting and therapy
The invention provides for delivery, engineering and optimization of systems, methods, and compositions for manipulation of sequences and/or activities of target sequences. Provided are delivery systems and tissues or organ which are targeted as sites for delivery. Also provided are vectors and vector systems some of which encode one or more components of a CRISPR complex, as well as methods for the design and use of such vectors. Also provided are methods of directing CRISPR complex formation in eukaryotic cells to ensure enhanced specificity for target recognition and avoidance of toxicity and to edit or modify a target site in a genomic locus of interest to alter or improve the status of a disease or a condition.
1. A method of modifying a mammal by editing in vivo a DNA target sequence in a genomic locus of interest of a hepatic cell in the mammal, said method comprising
delivering to the hepatic cell one or more doses of a non-naturally occurring composition comprising a hepatotropic adeno-associated virus (AAV) particle comprising one or more polynucleotides encoding:
I. a CRISPR-Cas system guide RNA comprising a guide sequence that hybridizes to the DNA target sequence, and
II. a CRISPR enzyme, wherein the CRISPR enzyme is Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9),
wherein the guide sequence directs sequence-specific binding of a CRISPR complex to the DNA target sequence, the CRISPR complex comprises the CRISPR enzyme complexed with the CRISPR-Cas system guide RNA, and
wherein the CRISPR complex introduces a double-stranded break in vivo in the DNA target sequence in the genomic locus of interest of the hepatic cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein there is greater than 20% indel formation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polynucleotides are operably linked to an inducible promoter.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more doses is a single dose.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein expression of the guide sequence is under the control of the T7 promoter and is driven by the expression of T7 polymerase.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the double stranded break in the DNA target sequence causes a phenotypic change in said mammal.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CRISPR-Cas system guide RNA is a chimeric RNA (chiRNA).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polynucleotides comprises two regulatory elements, and wherein a polynucleotide sequence encoding the CRISPR-Cas system guide RNA is operably linked to a first regulatory element and a polynucleotide sequence encoding the CRISPR enzyme is operably linked to a second regulatory element.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNA target sequence is flanked at its 3′end by a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a polynucleotide sequence encoding the CRISPR enzyme is operably linked to a liver-specific promoter.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a polynucleotide sequence encoding the CRISPR enzyme is operably linked to a liver-specific promoter.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein a polynucleotide sequence encoding the CRISPR enzyme is operably linked to a TBG promoter.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the PAM sequence is 5′-NNGRR where N is any nucleotide.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal is selected from the group consisting of a mouse, rat, ungulate, or primate.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal is a human.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the AAV particle comprises an AAV2 and/or AAV8 capsid.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the delivering comprises injecting the composition into the mammal.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein injecting comprises intravenous injection, stereotactic injection, or intramuscular injection.