2′-branched nucleosides and flaviviridae mutation
The present invention discloses a method for the treatment of Flaviviridae infection that includes the administration of a 2′-branched nucleoside, or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug and/or salt thereof, to a human in need of therapy in combination or alternation with a drug that directly or indirectly induces a mutation in the viral genome at a location other than a mutation of a nucleotide that results in a change from serine to a different amino acid in the highly conserved consensus sequence, XRX S GXXXT (SEQ ID NO: 63), of domain B of the RNA polymerase region, or is associated with such a mutation. The invention also includes a method to detect a mutant strain of Flaviviridae and a method for its treatment.
1. A method of treating a hepatitis C virus infection in a host, comprising:
(a) administering an effective amount of a 2′-C-branched nucleoside, or a phosphate thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
(b) identifying viral resistance to the 2′-C-branched nucleoside in the host by detecting an amino acid 282 Ser to Thr mutation in the RNA polymerase region of the hepatitis C virus; and
(c) administering to the host infected with the virus resistant to the 2′-C-branched nucleoside, an effective amount of one or more drugs that directly or indirectly induce a mutation in a hepatitis C virus at a location other than nucleotide 8443 (G to C) of the hepatitis C virus genome or amino acid 282 Ser to Thr of the RNA polymerase region of hepatitis C virus.
2. A method of treating a hepatitis C virus infection in a host, comprising:
(a) administering an effective amount of a compound of formula III:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a stereoisomeric, tautomeric or polymorphic form thereof, wherein:
Base is uracil;
R 1 is mono-, di- or triphosphate, or a stabilized phosphate;
R 2 is hydrogen;
R 6 is alkyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , azido, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, Br-vinyl, 2-Br-ethyl, —C(O)O(alkyl), —C(O)O(lower alkyl), —O(acyl), —O(lower acyl), —O(alkyl), —O(lower alkyl), —O(alkenyl), CF 3 , chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo, NO 2 , NH 2 , —NH(lower alkyl), —NH(acyl), —N(lower alkyl) 2 , or —N(acyl) 2 ;
R 7 is fluorine; and
X is O, S, SO 2 , or CH 2 ;
(b) identifying viral resistance to the compound of formula III in the host by detecting an amino acid 282 Ser to Thr mutation in the RNA polymerase region of the hepatitis C virus; and
(c) administering to the host infected with the virus resistant to the compound of formula III, an effective amount of one or more drugs that directly or indirectly induce a mutation in a hepatitis C virus at a location other than nucleotide 8443 (G to C) of the hepatitis C virus genome or amino acid 282 Ser to Thr of the RNA polymerase region of hepatitis C virus.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the host is human.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula III is in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluents.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the drug in step (c) is interferon.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying viral resistance in step (b) comprises assaying the blood of the host to test for seroconversion from wild type to mutant hepatitis C virus.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying viral resistance in step (b) comprises phenotypic analysis of viral plaque growth from a viral culture sample from the host.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the phenotypic analysis of step (b) comprises
(i) obtaining a viral culture sample from the host;
(ii) culturing the sample and comparing the plaque growth between the sample and wild type virus; and
(iii) determining whether the plaque growth of the sample is smaller than the plaque growth of the wild type virus.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying viral resistance in step (b) comprises determination of the replication fitness of the virus.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the determination of the replication fitness of the virus in step (b) comprises:
(i) obtaining a viral culture sample from the host;
(ii) determining the replication fitness of the sample virus; and
(iii) determining whether the replicon fitness of the sample virus is less than the replicon fitness of the wild type virus.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying viral resistance in step (b) comprises detecting the presence of cytidine at nucleotide 8443 of the RNA polymerase region of the hepatitis C virus.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying viral resistance in step (b) comprises:
(i) contacting a sample containing a hepatitis C virus nucleic acid sequence with a detectable oligonucleotide probe having a sequence complementary to a codon that encodes a serine in the highly conserved consensus sequence, XRX S GXXXT (SEQ ID NO: 63), of domain B of the RNA polymerase region of the hepatitis C virus;
(ii) allowing the probe to hybridize to the sequence; and
(iii) detecting the hybridization of the probe to the sequence.