Implantable lead
An implantable wireless lead includes an enclosure, the enclosure housing: one or more electrodes configured to apply one or more electrical pulses to a neural tissue; a first antenna configured to: receive, from a second antenna and through electrical radiative coupling, an input signal containing electrical energy, the second antenna being physically separate from the implantable neural stimulator lead; one or more circuits electrically connected to the first antenna, the circuits configured to: create the one or more electrical pulses suitable for stimulation of the neural tissue using the electrical energy contained in the input signal; and supply the one or more electrical pulses to the one or more electrodes, wherein the enclosure is shaped and arranged for delivery into a subject's body through an introducer or a needle.
1. An implantable wireless stimulator device comprising:
an enclosure including an extension tubing with a center lumen and at least one orbital lumen, the center lumen accommodating a navigating stylet during the delivery of the enclosure into a subject's body, the enclosure housing:
one or more electrodes configured to apply one or more electrical pulses to the subject's neural tissue;
a first antenna configured to: receive, from a second antenna and through electrical radiative coupling, an input signal containing electrical energy, the second antenna being physically separate from the implantable neural stimulator lead; and
one or more circuits electrically connected to the first antenna, the circuits configured to:
create the one or more electrical pulses suitable for stimulation of the neural tissue using the electrical energy contained in the input signal; and
supply the one or more electrical pulses to the one or more electrodes, wherein the enclosure is shaped and arranged for delivery into a subject's body through an introducer or a needle.
2. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure further houses the antenna coupling contacts, wherein the circuits include waveform conditioning circuitry, wherein the antenna coupling contacts are connected by conducting wires to the antenna and the waveform conditioning circuitry, wherein the conducting wires are each enclosed in a respective orbital lumen, wherein the waveform conditioning circuitry uses the electrical contained in the input signal to create the one or more electrical pulses for application at the one or more electrodes to stimulate neural tissue.
3. The wireless stimulator device d of claim 2 , wherein the waveform conditioning circuitry includes diodes, resistors and/or capacitors.
4. The wireless stimulator device of claim 2 , wherein the waveform conditioning circuitry comprises charge balance microelectronics to reduce a risk of corrosion of the electrodes.
5. The wireless stimulator device of claim 2 , wherein the waveform conditioning circuitry comprises isolation circuits.
6. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the antenna coupling contacts are located proximal, relative to the electrodes, in the enclosure.
7. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the extension tubing includes between one and ten or more orbital lumens, each with an inner diameter between about 0.1 mm and about 0.6 mm.
8. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the extension tubing with one or more orbital lumens is fused with a single-lumen extension tubing, and wherein the extension tubing with one or more orbital lumens is located more proximally than the single-lumen extension tubing.
9. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the extension tubing with one or more orbital lumens has an outer diameter between about 0.8 mm and about 1.4 mm.
10. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the enclosure leaves the electrodes in a non-direct contact with the neural tissue after the wireless neural stimulator has been delivered into the subject's body.
11. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are made of at least one of: platinum, platinum-iridium, gallium-nitride, titanium-nitride, iridium-oxide, or combinations thereof.
12. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure has an external coating of biocompatible polymer, the polymer includes at least one of: polymethymethacrylate (PMMA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), parylene, polyurethance, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polycarbonate.
13. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the enclosure has an external coating of silicone elastomer.
14. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the wireless stimulator device is a passive device.
15. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the antennas is constructed as a conductive trace contained on one of the circuits.
16. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the antennas is fabricated as a conductive wire connected to one of the circuits.
17. The wireless stimulator device of claim 1 , wherein the circuits, including the waveform conditioning circuitry, are flexible circuits.
18. The wireless stimulator device of claim 17 , wherein the flexible circuits are placed proximal, relative to the electrodes, in the enclosure.
19. A method for modulating a patient's neural tissue, the method comprising:
delivering an enclosure into a patient's body by using a navigating stylet that slides inside a center lumen of the enclosure such that one or more electrodes of an implantable neural stimulator is implanted at a target site adjacent to or near the neural tissue, the implantable neural stimulator comprising:
the enclosure including an extension tubing with the center lumen and at least one orbital lumen, the enclosure housing:
one or more electrodes configured to apply one or more electrical pulses to the subject's neural tissue;
a first antenna; and
one or more circuits electrically connected to the first antenna; and
wirelessly delivering, through radiative coupling and from a second antenna exterior to the patient's body, an input signal containing electrical energy to the first antenna of the implantable neural stimulator implanted at the target site such that one or more electrical impulses are generated solely from the electrical energy contained in the input signal wireless delivered through radiative coupling from the exterior location; and wherein the generated electrical impulses are applied through the electrodes to the neural tissue.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein delivering an enclosure includes advancing the one or more electrodes through an introducer.