Piezoelectric impact energy harvesting
An electronic circuit can be coupled to an energy harvesting device. The output of the energy harvesting device can provide a damped oscillating waveform elicited from a transient stimulus applied to the energy harvesting device, such as in response to mechanical shock or mechanical impact excitation. A first switch can be coupled between the energy harvesting device and an inductor and configured to selectively connect the input node to the inductor. A second switch can be coupled between the inductor and an energy storage device, the second switch configured to selectively couple the inductor to the energy storage device. A control circuit can be coupled to the first and second switches, such as configured to operate the first and second switches according to one or more of an over bias flip technique, a half bias flip technique, or a bias flip technique.
1. An electronic circuit, comprising:
an input configured to receive a signal from an output of an energy harvesting device, the signal comprising a damped oscillating waveform elicited from a transient stimulus applied to the energy harvesting device;
a first switch coupled between the input and an inductor and configured to selectively connect the input node to the inductor;
a second switch coupled between the inductor and an energy storage device and configured to selectively couple the inductor to the energy storage device;
a control circuit comprising a peak detection circuit and a valley detection circuit, the control circuit configured to control the states of the first and second switches, and the peak detection and valley detection circuits coupled to the input;
wherein in response to detection of a voltage peak at the input as indicated by the peak detection circuit, the control circuit is configured to:
control the first switch to close at a specified time relative to the detected voltage peak to perform a bias flip technique including, using the inductor, establishing a voltage at the input having about the same value as a value of the detected voltage peak but having an opposite polarity including opening the first switch when the opposite polarity is established; and
upon detection of a voltage valley at the input after the detected peak as indicated by the valley detection circuit, control the first switch to connect the input to the inductor for a specified first duration, and control the second switch to connect the inductor to the energy storage device for a specified second duration after the specified first duration to transfer energy from the inductor to the energy storage device.
2. The electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is configured to control the first switch to establish the voltage at the input having the opposite polarity including opening the first switch when the inductor current decays to about zero.
3. The electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is configured to establish the second specified duration corresponding to the inductor current decaying to about zero.
4. The electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the energy harvesting device comprises a piezoelectric energy harvesting device; and
wherein the transient stimulus comprises one or more of a mechanical shock or mechanical impact.
5. The electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a capacitor.
6. The electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first and second switches comprise transistors.
7. The electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit comprises an integrated circuit, and wherein one or more of the energy storage device, the inductor, the first switch, and the second switch are located external to the integrated circuit.
8. An electronic circuit, comprising:
an input configured to receive a signal from an output of an energy harvesting device, the signal comprising a damped oscillating waveform elicited from a transient stimulus applied to the energy harvesting device;
a first switch coupled between the input and an inductor and configured to selectively connect the input node to the inductor;
a second switch coupled between the inductor and an energy storage device and configured to selectively couple the inductor to the energy storage device;
a control circuit comprising a peak detection circuit, the control circuit configured to control the states of the first and second switches, and the peak detection circuit coupled to the input;
wherein in response to detection of a voltage peak at the input, the control circuit is configured to:
control the first switch to close at a specified time relative to the detected voltage peak to perform a half bias flip technique including, using the inductor, establishing a voltage at the input of about zero volts, and opening the first switch when the voltage is about zero volts; and
in response to establishing a voltage at the input of about zero volts, control the second switch to connect the inductor to the energy storage device for a specified duration to extract energy from the inductor.
9. The electronic circuit of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit comprises a zero crossing detector circuit, and wherein the control circuit is configured to control the first switch to establish the voltage at the input of about zero volts including opening the first switch when the voltage is about zero volts as indicated by the zero crossing detector circuit.
10. The electronic circuit of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit is configured to establish the specified duration corresponding to the inductor current decaying to about zero.
11. The electronic circuit of claim 8 , wherein the energy harvesting device comprises a piezoelectric energy harvesting device; and
wherein the transient stimulus comprises one or more of a mechanical shock or mechanical impact.
12. The electronic circuit of claim 8 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a capacitor.
13. The electronic circuit of claim 8 , wherein the first and second switches comprise transistors.
14. The electronic circuit of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit comprises an integrated circuit, and wherein one or more of the energy storage device, the inductor, the first switch, and the second switch are located external to the integrated circuit.
15. An electronic circuit, comprising:
an input configured to receive a signal from an output of an energy harvesting device, the signal comprising a damped oscillating waveform elicited from a transient stimulus applied to the energy harvesting device;
a first switch coupled between the input and an inductor and configured to selectively connect the input node to the inductor;
a second switch coupled between the inductor and an energy storage device and configured to selectively couple the inductor to the energy storage device;
a control circuit comprising a peak detection circuit, a valley detection circuit, and a bias voltage generation circuit, the control circuit configured to control the states of the first and second switches, and the peak detection and valley detection circuits coupled to the input;
wherein in response to detection of a voltage peak at the input, the control circuit is configured to:
control the second switch to close at a specified time relative to the detected voltage peak to establish an inductor voltage corresponding to the specified bias voltage including transferring energy from the energy storage device to the inductor;
open the second switch and control the first switch to apply the established inductor voltage to the input; and
upon detection of a voltage valley at the input after the detected peak, control the first switch to connect the input to the inductor for a specified first duration, and control the second switch to connect the inductor to the energy storage device for a specified second duration after the specified first duration to transfer energy from the inductor to the energy storage device.
16. The electronic circuit of claim 15 , wherein the bias voltage is established at least in part using information about a damping coefficient corresponding to the energy harvesting device.
17. The electronic circuit of claim 15 , wherein the bias voltage is established at least in part using information about a ratio of a mechanical capacitance contribution to an electrical capacitance contribution corresponding to the energy harvesting device.
18. The electronic circuit of claim 17 , wherein the bias voltage is represented by V 1 and is established according to an expression,
V
1
=
-
(
k
e
-
ξ
2
-
1
1
+
e
-
ξ
2
)
V
P
1
wherein k represents the ratio of the mechanical capacitance contribution to the electrical capacitance contribution corresponding to the energy harvesting device, ξ represents a damping coefficient corresponding to the energy harvesting device, and V P represents a peak voltage provided at the input.
19. The electronic circuit of claim 17 , wherein the energy harvesting device comprises a piezoelectric energy harvesting device; and
wherein the transient stimulus comprises one or more of a mechanical shock or mechanical impact.
20. The electronic circuit of claim 17 , wherein the energy storage device comprises a capacitor.