Synthesis of liquid fuels and chemicals from oxygenated hydrocarbons
Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasoline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass.
1. A gasoline composition, wherein the gasoline composition is derived by a method comprising:
catalytically reacting a member selected from the group consisting of starches, polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, cellulose derivatives, lignin derivatives, hemicellulose, and combinations thereof, with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a hydrogenation temperature and hydrogenation pressure to produce water soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon comprising a C 1+ O 1+ hydrocarbon;
catalytically reacting in an aqueous liquid and/or vapor phase the oxygenated hydrocarbon comprising a C 1+ O 1+ hydrocarbon with hydrogen in the presence of a deoxygenation catalyst comprising a support and a member selected from the group consisting of Re, Cu, Fe, Ru, Pt, Pd, Ni, W, Mo, Ag, Sn, an alloy thereof, and a combination thereof, at a deoxygenation temperature in the range of about 100° C. to 400° C., and a deoxygenation pressure of between 72 psig and 1300 psig, to provide a reaction stream comprising water and two or more oxygenates having two or more carbon atoms and one or two oxygen atoms, and
catalytically reacting the oxygenates in the vapor phase in the presence of an acid catalyst comprising a member selected from the group consisting of an aluminosilicate, zirconia, tungstated aluminosilicate, tungstated zirconia, tungstated alumina, tungstated titania, a heteropolyacid, an acid modified resin, and a combination thereof, at a condensation temperature and condensation pressure to produce the C 4+ compound, wherein the C 4+ compound comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C 4+ alcohol, C 4+ ketone, C 4+ alkane, C 4+ alkene, C 5+ cycloalkane, C 5+ cycloalkene, aryl, fused aryl, and a mixture thereof, and
distilling the product stream to provide a gasoline composition having a boiling point of less than 150° C.
2. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated hydrocarbon comprises a member selected from the group consisting of sugars, sugar alcohols and a mixture thereof.
3. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate comprises two or more members selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, cyclic ether, diol, furan, and furfural.
4. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Ni, Co, Ru, Zn, Ga, Rh, Pd, Ir, Re, Mn, Cr, Mo, W, Sn, an alloy thereof, and a combination thereof.
5. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst further comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ag, Pd, Ni, Pt, Ga, Zn, an alloy thereof, and a combination thereof.
6. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst comprises a zeolite selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-22, ASM-23, ASM-35 and ZSM-48.
7. The gasoline composition of claim 6 , wherein the acid catalyst further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Ga, Zn, and W.
8. The gasoline composition of claim 6 , wherein the acid catalyst is a ZSM-5 catalyst comprising a member selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Ga, Zn, and W.
9. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the deoxygenation catalyst further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of Cr, V, Nb, Ti, Zr, Y, La, Zn, Cd, Au, Sn, Ge, P, Al, Ga, In, and a combination thereof.
10. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises a member selected from group consisting of a carbon, alumina, zirconia, titania, vanadia, heteropolyacid, hydroxyapatite, chromia, and mixtures thereof.
11. The gasoline composition of claim 10 , wherein the support is modified by treating the support with molybdenum, tungsten or a tungsten oxide.
12. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the deoxygenation temperature is in the range of between 120° C. to 300° C.
13. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the deoxygenation temperature is in the range of about 200° C. to about 280° C.
14. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the condensation temperature is in the range of about 250° C. to 425° C., and wherein the condensation pressure is in the range of about 0 psig to 700 psig.
15. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the condensation temperature is in the range of about 125° C. to 450° C., and wherein the condensation reaction takes place in the vapor phase.
16. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation temperature is in the range of about 80° C. to 250° C., and, wherein the hydrogenation pressure is in the range of about 100 psig to 2000 psig.
17. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst comprises a support and a member selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ru, Os, Ir, Co, Rh, Pt, Pd, Ni, Re, Cu, alloys thereof, and a combination thereof.
18. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation catalyst further comprises a member selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cr, Zn, Mn, Sn, Bi, Mo, W, B, P, alloys thereof, and a combination thereof.