Active pen capacitive displacement gauge

1. An active capacitive pen, comprising:

a tip;

a first electrode mechanically connected to the tip that displaces in response to a force applied to the tip;

a second electrode that is mechanically isolated from the tip, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are of different types selected from a group consisting of a transmitter electrode and a receiver electrode;

a first guard electrode adjacent to the first electrode that displaces in response to the force, wherein the first guard electrode is configured to impose parallel-plate-capacitor-characteristics on a capacitor formed by the first electrode and the second electrode; and

a measurement module that detects a change in capacitance resulting from displacement of the first electrode relative to the second electrode.

2. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , wherein the measurement module comprises an active amplifier used to measure a resulting signal from one selected from a group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode.

3. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , further comprising:

a transmitter that drives a transmitter signal onto the first electrode and a guard signal on to the first guard electrode,

wherein the first electrode is a transmitter electrode, and

wherein the second electrode is a receiver electrode connected to the measurement module.

4. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , wherein the measurement module comprises a capacitor with a shorting switch.

5. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , further comprising:

a transmitter that drives a transmitter signal onto the second electrode,

wherein the second electrode is a transmitter electrode, and

wherein the first electrode is a receiver electrode.

6. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , further comprising:

a third electrode mechanically connected to the tip that displaces in response to the force applied to the tip,

wherein the first electrode and the third electrode are of the same type, and

wherein the change in capacitance further results from displacement of the third electrode relative to the second electrode.

7. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second guard electrode surrounding the second electrode that is isolated from the tip.

8. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode overlap by 2 mm.

9. The active capacitive pen of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are spaced by 0.5 mm.

10. A method for operating an active pen comprising a tip, comprising:

driving a transmitter signal on a first transmitter electrode of the active pen;

driving a first guard signal on a first guard electrode associated with the first transmitter electrode;

driving a second guard signal on a second guard electrode associated with a first receiver electrode, wherein the driving the first guard signal on the first guard electrode and the driving of the second guard signal on the second guard electrode imposes parallel-plate-capacitor-characteristics on a capacitor formed by the first transmitter electrode and the first receiver electrode;

receiving a resulting signal on the first receiver electrode of the active pen,

wherein the resulting signal is based on the transmitter signal and a capacitance between the first transmitter electrode and the first receiver electrode; and

detecting, during application of a force to the tip, a change in the capacitance resulting from displacement of one selected from a group consisting of the first transmitter electrode and the first receiver electrode mechanically connected to the tip.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

determining a magnitude of the force based on the change in the capacitance.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein detecting the change in the capacitance comprises measuring the resulting signal using an active amplifier.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the change in the capacitance further results from displacement of a second transmitter electrode relative to the first receiver electrode, and wherein the second transmitter electrode is mechanically connected to the tip.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the change in the capacitance further results from displacement of a second receiver electrode relative to the first transmitter electrode, and wherein the second receiver electrode is mechanically connected to the tip.

15. A capacitive displacement gauge, comprising:

a contact point;

a first electrode mechanically connected to the contact point that displaces in response to a force applied to the contact point;

a second electrode that is isolated from the contact point, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are of different types selected from a group consisting of a transmitter electrode and a receiver electrode;

a plurality of guard electrodes adjacent to the first electrode that displace in response to the force, wherein the plurality of guard electrodes is configured to impose parallel-plate-capacitor-characteristics on a capacitor formed by the first electrode and the second electrode; and

a measurement module that detects a change in capacitance resulting from displacement of the first electrode relative to the second electrode.

16. The capacitive displacement gauge of claim 15 , further comprising:

a third electrode mechanically connected to the contact point that displaces in response to the force applied to the contact point,

wherein the first electrode and the third electrode are of the same type, and

wherein the change in capacitance further results from displacement of the third electrode relative to the second electrode.

17. The capacitive displacement gauge of claim 15 , further comprising:

a guard electrode surrounding the second electrode that is isolated from the contact point.