Methods and devices for treating primary headache
Non-invasive electrical nerve stimulation devices and magnetic stimulation devices are disclosed, along with methods of treating medical disorders using energy that is delivered noninvasively by such devices. The disorders comprise migraine and other primary headaches such as cluster headaches, including sinus symptoms that resemble an immune-mediated response (“sinus” headaches), irrespective of whether those symptoms arise from an allergy that is co-morbid with the headache. The disclosed methods may also be used to treat other disorders that may be co-morbid with migraine headaches, such as anxiety disorders. In preferred embodiments of the disclosed methods, one or both of the patient's vagus nerves are stimulated non-invasively. In other embodiments, parts of the sympathetic nervous system and/or the adrenal glands are stimulated.
1. A method for treating a medical disorder in a patient, the method comprising:
positioning a device adjacent to a skin surface of a neck of the patient;
generating one or more electrical impulses with the device; and
transmitting, via the device, the one or more electrical impulses to a vagus nerve of the patient, wherein the one or more electrical impulses is above a threshold for generating an action potential within a fiber of the vagus nerve responsible for activating neural pathways to cause a release of a sufficient level of an inhibitory neurotransmitter within a brain of the patient and is sufficient to reduce a level of glutamate in the brain of the patient to at least partially relieve a symptom associated with the medical disorder.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory neurotransmitter comprises GABA.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory neurotransmitter comprises serotonin.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitory neurotransmitter comprises norepinephrine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrical impulses comprises bursts of pulses.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the bursts of pulses are generated from a signal that is not modulated by another signal.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein each burst comprises a frequency from about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein each burst comprises a frequency from about 10 Hz to about 35 Hz.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein each pulse comprises a duration from about 50 microseconds to about 1000 microseconds.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein each pulse comprises a duration from about 200 microseconds to about 400 microseconds.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the medical disorder comprises a primary headache.
12. A device for treating a medical disorder in a patient, the device comprising:
a housing comprising:
an electrode,
an electrically permeable contact surface configured for contacting an outer skin surface of a neck of the patient, wherein the electrically permeable contact surface is coupled to the electrode, and
a source of energy (a) configured to generate an electric field sufficient to reduce a level of glutamate within a brain of the patient to at least partially relieve a symptom of the medical disorder, (b) coupled to the electrode, and (c) positioned within the housing,
wherein the electric field is sufficient to transmit an electric current non-invasively through the electrically permeable contact surface and the outer skin surface of the patient to a vague nerve of the patient, wherein the electric current is above a threshold for generating an action potential within a fiber of the vagus nerve responsible for activating a neural pathway causing a release of an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the inhibitory neurotransmitter comprises GABA.
14. The device of claim 12 , wherein the inhibitory neurotransmitter comprises serotonin.
15. The device of claim 12 , wherein the inhibitory neurotransmitter comprises norepinephrine.
16. The device of claim 12 , further comprising one or more electrodes and a signal generator coupled to each other within the housing.
17. The device of claim 12 , wherein the electric current comprises bursts of pulses.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein the bursts of pulses are generated from a signal that is not modulated by another signal.
19. The device of claim 17 , wherein each burst comprises a frequency from about 1 Hz to about 100 Hz.
20. The device of claim 17 , wherein each burst comprises a frequency from about 10 Hz to about 35 Hz.
21. The device of claim 17 , wherein each pulse comprises a duration from about 50 microseconds to about 1000 microseconds.
22. The device of claim 17 , wherein each pulse comprises a duration from about 200 microseconds to about 400 microseconds.
23. The device of claim 12 , wherein the medical disorder comprises a primary headache.