Drilling tools having matrices with carbide-forming alloys, and methods of making and using same
Drilling tools, such as drill bits, having a shank, a crown, and a plurality of abrasive cutting elements. In the case of impregnated drilling tools, the abrasive cutting elements are dispersed throughout at least a portion of the crown. In the case of surface-set drilling tools, the abrasive cutting media is secured to and projects from a cutting face of the crown. The matrix of the crown of the drilling tools includes a carbide-forming alloy that forms a direct carbide bond with at least one cutting element of the plurality of abrasive cutting elements.
1. A diamond-impregnated drilling tool, comprising:
a shank having a first end and an opposing second end, the first end being adapted to be secured to a drill string component;
a crown extending from the second end of the shank, the crown comprising a matrix of hard particulate material and a carbide-forming alloy, a binder, a cutting face, and a crown body between the cutting face and the shank; and
a plurality of uncoated diamonds dispersed within at least a portion of the matrix of the crown body,
wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms an intermediate metallic layer that directly bonds with the binder and the hard particulate material of the matrix, wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms a direct carbide bond with at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds, wherein the drilling tool does not include oxide layers between said at least one uncoated diamond and the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix, and
wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix is configured to convert portions of said at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds to a carbide to form the direct carbide bond between the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix and said at least one uncoated diamond.
2. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises chromium.
3. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises titanium.
4. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises aluminum.
5. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises vanadium.
6. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of diamonds comprises a plurality of synthetic diamonds.
7. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of diamonds comprises a plurality of thermally stable polycrystalline diamonds.
8. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of diamonds comprises natural diamond.
9. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the crown has an annular shape, a longitudinal axis, an inner surface, and an outer surface, wherein the inner surface of the crown defines an interior space about the longitudinal axis, and wherein the interior space is configured to receive a core sample.
10. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least one diamond of the plurality of diamonds extends outwardly from the cutting face.
11. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the hard particulate material of the matrix of the crown comprises at least one of tungsten and tungsten carbide.
12. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the drilling tool is a drill bit.
13. The drilling tool as recited in claim 12 , wherein the drill bit is a full-face drill bit.
14. The drilling tool as recited in claim 12 , wherein the drill bit is an all-cast drill bit.
15. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the drilling tool is a reamer.
16. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the diamonds are dispersed within the crown body proximate the cutting face.
17. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of fibers dispersed in an unorganized arrangement throughout at least a portion of the crown body.
18. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the drilling tool is infiltrated with the binder, and wherein the binder does not comprise a carbide-forming material.
19. The drilling tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises molybdenum.
20. A drilling system, comprising:
a drill string configured for rotation; and
a diamond-impregnated drilling tool, wherein the drilling tool comprises:
a shank having a first end and an opposing second end, the first end being adapted to be secured to a drill string component;
a crown extending from the second end of the shank, the crown comprising a matrix of hard particulate material and a carbide-forming alloy, a binder, a cutting face, and a crown body between the cutting face and the shank; and
a plurality of uncoated diamonds dispersed within at least a portion of the matrix of the crown body,
wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms an intermediate metallic layer that directly bonds with the binder and the hard particulate material of the matrix, wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms a direct carbide bond with at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds, and wherein the drilling tool does not include oxide layers between said at least one uncoated diamond and the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix, and
wherein the carbide-forming alloy is configured to convert portions of the said at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds to a carbide to form the direct carbide bond between the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix and said at least one uncoated diamond.
21. The drilling system as recited in claim 20 , further comprising a drill rig, wherein the drill string is adapted to be secured to and rotated by the drill rig.
22. The drilling system as recited in claim 20 , further comprising a down-hole motor, wherein the drill string is adapted to be secured to and rotated by the down-hole motor.
23. The drilling system as recited in claim 20 , wherein the drilling tool is infiltrated with the binder, and wherein the binder does not comprise a carbide-forming material.
24. The drilling system as recited in claim 20 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises molybdenum.
25. A method of drilling, comprising:
securing a diamond-impregnated drilling tool to a drill string, wherein the drilling tool comprises:
a shank having a first end and an opposing second end, the first end being adapted to be secured to a drill string component;
a crown extending from the second end of the shank, the crown comprising a matrix of hard particulate material and a carbide-forming alloy, a binder, a cutting face, and a crown body between the cutting face and the shank; and
a plurality of uncoated diamonds dispersed within at least a portion of the matrix of the crown body,
wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms an intermediate metallic layer that directly bonds with the binder and the hard particulate material of the matrix, wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms a direct carbide bond with at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds, wherein the drilling tool does not include oxide layers between said at least one uncoated diamond and the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix, and
wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix is configured to convert portions of said at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds to a carbide to form the direct carbide bond between the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix and said at least one uncoated diamond; and
rotating the drill string to cause the drilling tool to penetrate an earthen formation.
26. The method as recited in claim 25 , further comprising securing the drill string to a drill rig and using the drill rig to rotate the drill string.
27. The method as recited in claim 25 , further comprising securing the drill string to a down-hole motor and using the down-hole motor to rotate the drill string.
28. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein the drilling tool is infiltrated with the binder, and wherein the binder does not comprise a carbide-forming material.
29. The method as recited in claim 25 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises molybdenum.
30. A method of forming a diamond-impregnated drilling tool, comprising:
preparing a matrix of the drilling tool, the matrix comprising hard particulate material and a carbide-forming alloy;
dispersing a plurality of uncoated diamonds within at least a portion of the matrix;
infiltrating the matrix with a binder;
securing a shank to the matrix; and
heating the shank and the matrix to consolidate the drilling tool,
wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms an intermediate metallic layer that directly bonds with the binder and the hard particulate material of the matrix, and wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms a direct carbide bond with at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds, and
wherein the carbide-forming alloy converts portions of said at least one uncoated diamond of the plurality of uncoated diamonds to a carbide to form the direct carbide bond between the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix and said at least one uncoated diamond,
wherein the method does not comprise multiple heating operations.
31. The method as recited in claim 30 , wherein the drilling tool is formed using a casting process.
32. The method as recited in claim 30 , wherein the binder does not comprise a carbide-forming material.
33. The method as recited in claim 30 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix is provided as a powder, wherein the carbide-forming alloy of the matrix forms direct carbide bonds with said at least one diamond during heating of the drilling tool within a furnace, and wherein the diamonds are uncoated prior to heating of the drilling tool.
34. The method as recited in claim 30 , wherein the carbide-forming alloy comprises molybdenum.