Oligosaccharide compositions for use as animal feed and methods of producing thereof
Described herein are methods of producing animal feed made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of producing such oligosaccharide compositions and animal feed compositions, and methods of using such animal feed compositions to enhance animal growth.
1. An animal feed composition, comprising:
(i) a base feed, and
(ii) a gluco-oligosaccharide composition,
wherein the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a glycosidic bond type distribution consisting of:
0 to 20 mol % α-(1,2) glycosidic linkages;
0 to 45 mol % β-(1,2) glycosidic linkages;
1 to 30 mol % α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages;
1 to 20 mol % β-(1,3) glycosidic linkages;
less than 9 mol % α-(1,4) glycosidic linkages;
0 to 55 mol % β-(1,4) glycosidic linkages;
0 to 30 mol % α-(1,6) glycosidic linkages; and
5 to 55 mol % β-(1,6) glycosidic linkages, and
wherein at least 10 dry wt % of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3; and
wherein the animal feed composition has less than 50 ppm by weight of an antibiotic.
2. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the gluco-oligosaccharide composition is present in the animal feed composition at below 5,000 ppm by weight.
3. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the base feed comprises:
1200 to 1600 cal/lb apparent metabolizable energy;
16 to 24 wt % crude protein;
1.0 to 1.4 wt % lysine;
0.5 to 0.75 wt % methionine;
0.75 to 1.1 wt % total sulfur amino acids;
0.7 to 1.0 wt % calcium;
0.35 to 0.5 wt % total available phosphorous; and
0.15 to 0.3 wt % sodium.
4. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 50 dry wt % of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3.
5. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the animal feed composition is poultry feed.
6. The animal feed composition of claim 5 , wherein the poultry feed:
(i) reduces feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 1% to 10%; or
(ii) increases average daily weight gain by 1% to 10%; or
(iii) increases average daily feed intake by 1% to 10%; or
any combination of (i), (ii), and (iii),
when fed to poultry as compared to poultry fed a feed composition without the gluco-oligosaccharide composition.
7. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the animal feed composition is swine feed.
8. The animal feed composition of claim 7 , wherein the swine feed:
(i) reduces feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 1% to 15%; or
(ii) increases average daily weight gain by 1% to 15%; or
(iii) increases average daily feed intake by 1% to 15%; or
any combination of (i), (ii), and (iii),
when fed to swine as compared to swine fed a feed composition without the gluco-oligosaccharide composition.
9. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of bacitracin, bacitracin methylene disalicylate, bacitracin-zinc, virginiamycin, bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and any combination thereof.
10. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the gluco-oligosaccharide composition is a functionalized gluco-oligosaccharide composition comprising a pendant functional group selected from the group consisting of glucosamine, galactosamine, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glucuronic acid, itaconic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, sorbitol, xylitol, arabitol, glycerol, erythritol, mannitol, galacitol, fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, lacitol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, sulfate and phosphate.
11. An animal feed pre-mix, comprising:
(i) a carrier material; and
(ii) a gluco-oligosaccharide composition,
wherein the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a glycosidic bond type distribution consisting of:
0 to 20 mol % α-(1,2) glycosidic linkages;
0 to 45 mol % β-(1,2) glycosidic linkages;
1 to 30 mol % α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages;
1 to 20 mol % β-(1,3) glycosidic linkages;
less than 9 mol % α-(1,4) glycosidic linkages;
0 to 55 mol % β-(1,4) glycosidic linkages;
0 to 30 mol % α-(1,6) glycosidic linkages; and
5 to 55 mol % β-(1,6) glycosidic linkages, and
wherein at least 10 dry wt % of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3; and
wherein the carrier material has less than 50 ppm by weight of an antibiotic.
12. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein the animal feed pre-mix comprises at least 10 wt % dry gluco-oligosaccharide composition.
13. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein the carrier material is selected from the group consisting of rice hulls, feed grade silica gel, feed grade fumed silica, corn gluten feed, corn gluten meal, dried distiller's grains, milled corn, and any combination thereof.
14. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein at least 50 dry wt % of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3.
15. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein the animal feed pre-mix is poultry feed.
16. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 15 , wherein the poultry feed:
(i) reduces feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 1% to 10%; or
(ii) increases average daily weight gain by 1% to 10%; or
(iii) increases average daily feed intake by 1% to 10%; or
any combination of (i), (ii), and (iii),
when fed to poultry as compared to poultry fed a feed composition without the gluco-oligosaccharide composition.
17. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein the animal feed pre-mix is swine feed.
18. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 17 , wherein the swine feed:
(i) reduces feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 1% to 15%; or
(ii) increases average daily weight gain by 1% to 15%; or
(iii) increases average daily feed intake by 1% to 15%; or
any combination of (i), (ii), and (iii),
when fed to swine as compared to swine fed a feed composition without the gluco-oligosaccharide composition.
19. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of bacitracin, bacitracin methylene disalicylate, bacitracin-zinc, virginiamycin, bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and any combination thereof.
20. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein the gluco-oligosaccharide composition is a functionalized gluco-oligosaccharide composition comprising a pendant functional group selected from the group consisting of glucosamine, galactosamine, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glucuronic acid, itaconic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, sorbitol, xylitol, arabitol, glycerol, erythritol, mannitol, galacitol, fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, lacitol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, sulfate and phosphate.
21. An animal feed composition, comprising (i) a base feed and (ii) the animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 .
22. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the animal feed composition comprises between 100 ppm and 750 ppm of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition by weight.
23. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the animal feed composition comprises between 200 ppm and 750 ppm of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition by weight.
24. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein the animal feed composition comprises between 200 ppm and 600 ppm of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition by weight.
25. The animal feed composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 60 dry wt % of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3.
26. The animal feed pre-mix of claim 11 , wherein at least 60 dry wt % of the gluco-oligosaccharide composition has a degree of polymerization of at least 3.