Polymer-encapsulated pigment particle
View Patent ↗A polymer-encapsulated pigment dispersion is prepared from a mixture of (a) a carrier; (b) pigment particles; and (c) a polymeric dispersing agent having a polymer backbone, and a zwitterionic polymer side chain comprising anionic and cationic groups. The dispersing agent may provide efficient pigment wetting and dispersion using relatively low and thus economical pigment amounts, with good opacity and good hiding characteristics, especially in titanium dioxide-containing coating compositions.
1. A polymer-encapsulated pigment dispersion comprising a mixture of three components:
a) as a first component, a liquid carrier;
b) as a second component, pigment particles, the particles being at least partially encapsulated by at least one polymer layer having a calculated thickness of about 10 to about 400 nm; and
c) as a third component, a polymeric dispersing agent that helps wet out the pigment particles, the polymeric dispersing agent having:
i) a polymer backbone; and
ii) a zwitterionic polymer side chain comprising one or more sulfate, sulfonate or carboxylate anionic groups, and one or more cationic groups.
2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the pigment particles have a refractive index of at least about 1.8.
3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the liquid carrier is selected from ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl n-amyl ketone, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and combinations thereof.
4. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the liquid carrier is water.
5. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion includes about 10 to 70 percent carrier by weight.
6. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the pigment particles comprise titanium dioxide particles.
7. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer is a step-growth polymer.
8. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer is a chain-growth polymer.
9. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein the chain-growth polymer is a latex polymer.
10. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein the at least partially encapsulated pigment particles are self-coalescing at room temperature without requiring the presence of a film forming binder containing a polymer other than the chain-growth polymer.
11. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric dispersing agent has a vinyl chain-growth polymer backbone.
12. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the anionic groups comprise sulfonate groups.
13. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the cationic groups comprise quaternary ammonium groups.
14. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the anionic groups comprise sulfate groups.
15. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the anionic groups comprise carboxylate groups.
16. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer side chain is derived from a sulfobetaine (meth)acrylate.
17. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the zwitterionic polymer side chain is derived from a carboxybetaine (meth)acrylate.
18. A coating composition comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , and further comprising one or both of:
a) a film-forming binder containing a polymer other than the polymer backbone of the polymeric dispersing agent; or
b) one or more thickeners, rheology modifiers, surfactants or coalescents.
19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the pigment particles have a refractive index of at least about 1.8.