Maleinized ester derivatives

1. A composition comprising a maleinized ester derivative made by the reaction of:

(i) methyl 9-dodecenoate; and

(ii) maleic anhydride; and

(iii) a monohydric alcohol of 3 to 12 carbon atoms;

wherein the maleinized ester derivative comprises at least two proximal ester groups and another ester group, the proximal ester groups and the another ester group containing straight chain alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms; the proximal ester groups being separated from the another ester group by at least about 8 carbon atoms; and

wherein the maleinized ester derivative contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, the one or more carbon-carbon double bonds being fully hydrogenated to form saturated carbon-carbon bonds.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the monohydric alcohol is a linear alcohol.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the monohydric alcohol is 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, 1-dodecanol, 2-methyl butanol, 3-methyl butanol, a C 10 branched alcohol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the methyl 9-dodecenoate is derived from a natural product.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the methyl 9-dodecenoate is derived from vegetable oil, algae oil, fungus oil, animal oil, animal fat, canola oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, tall oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard oil, camellina oil, pen nycress oil, castor oil, coriander oil, almond oil, wheat germ oil, bone oil, lard, tallow, poultry fat, algae oil, yellow grease, fish oil, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the methyl 9-dodecenoate is derived from a natural product, the natural oil comprising a refined, bleached and/or deodorized natural product.

7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the refined, bleached and/or deodorized natural product comprises soybean oil.

8. A lubricant or functional fluid composition comprising the composition of claim 1 .

9. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 8 wherein the composition further comprises an API Group I oil, Group II oil, Group III oil, Group IV oil, Group V oil, natural oil, estolide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

10. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 8 wherein the lubricant or functional fluid composition further comprises a detergent, dispersant, corrosion inhibitor, oxidation inhibitor, antiwear agent, friction modifier, pourpoint depressant, anti-foam agent, metal deactivator, viscosity modifier, extreme pressure agent, demulsifier, seal swelling agent, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

11. The lubricant or functional fluid composition of claim 8 wherein the lubricant or functional fluid composition comprises a grease composition, the grease composition comprising lithium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide monohydrate, or a mixture thereof.

12. A base oil for an engine oil comprising the composition of any of claim 1 and a polyalphaolefin.

13. The base oil of claim 12 wherein the polyalphaolefin is PAO-4.

14. The base oil of claim 12 wherein the base oil comprises a maleinated ester derivative, the base oil comprising from about 10% to about 80% by weight of the maleinated ester derivative.

15. The base oil of claim 12 further comprising an antioxidant.

16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the monohydric alcohol is 1-pentanol.

17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the monohydric alcohol is 1-decanol.