Electrical discharge system and method for neutralizing explosive devices and electronics
Disclosed is an apparatus that includes an electric power source that powers a Marx generator that is electrically coupled to a cathode emitter that is configured to discharge electrical potential into the earth. The apparatus also includes a load resistor that is coupled between the output of the Marx generator and either a relative ground or the input to the Marx generator.
1. An apparatus comprising:
an electric power source providing an electrical potential;
a relative electric ground;
a Marx generator electrically coupled to the electrical power source, the Marx generator having an input and an output;
a cathode emitter electrically coupled to the output of the Marx generator, wherein the cathode emitter is constructed and arranged to discharge electrical potential into the earth; and
a load resistor having a load resistor impedance electrically coupled between the output of the Marx generator and either the relative electric ground or the input to the Marx generator.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the Marx generator is constructed and arranged to generate a pulsed discharge with at least 30,000 volts and at least 30 Joules of energy in each pulse.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a switched-mode power supply electrically coupled between the electric power source and the Marx generator.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the impedance of the load resistor is between approximately 10,000 Ohms and approximately 50,000 Ohms.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the impedance of the load resistor is equal to approximately 10,000 Ohms.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the impedance of the load resistor is equal to approximately 16,700 Ohms.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the load resistor is constructed and arranged to dissipate a substantial portion of the energy discharged when there is a comparatively high impedance discharge path from the cathode emitter.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the load resistor impedance is greater than an earth impedance between the cathode emitter and the earth when there is a conductive material in the earth located proximate to the cathode emitter and within 8 cm of a surface of the earth.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a detector constructed and arranged to detect an electrical discharge from the Marx generator.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the electric circuit further comprises a current meter that detects electric current between the Marx generator and the earth.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the electric circuit further comprises an antenna adapted to detect current flow induced in conductors in the earth when electrical energy is discharged into the earth.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the Marx generator is constructed and arranged to generate a pulsed discharge with at least 30 Joules of energy in each pulse.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the Marx generator comprises:
a plurality of electrically connected frame elements, each frame element comprising:
a frame segment;
first and second electrodes arranged to define a frame element spark gap;
a first resistor having a first input terminal and a first output terminal;
a second resistor having a second input terminal and a second output terminal; and
a capacitor having a third input terminal and a third output terminal;
wherein said frame element spark gap, said first and second resistors and said capacitor are physically mounted on said frame segment and are arranged to form one stage of said Marx generator with adjacent frame elements forming additional stages, wherein adjacent frame elements are adapted to be electrically coupled to each other.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the frame segments each define a first opening adapted to receive the load resistor.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the frame segments each define a second opening adapted to allow air flow through each frame segment and around said first and second resistors.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , further comprising a casing that completely surrounds said Marx generator.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising a blower fluidly coupled to said casing to force air flow into said casing and through said second openings.
18. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the frame segments each define a second opening adapted to allow air flow through each frame segment and around said first and second resistors.
19. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein each frame element further comprises a first inductor arranged in series with said first resistor and a second inductor arranged in series with said second resistor.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an anode emitter electrically coupled to either the relative electric ground or the input to the Marx generator, wherein the anode emitter is constructed and arranged to receive electrical energy from the earth.