Endoscope and endoscopic system

1. An endoscope comprising:

a four-color separation prism which, in operation, separates light from an object into three primary colors of light and infrared light, the four-color separation prism comprising an infrared separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism and a fourth color separation prism, an order of the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the fourth color separation prism from a distal end of the four-color separation prism being the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the fourth color separation prism, (1) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a red component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism, (2) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a blue component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism or (3) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a green component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism;

four image sensors which, in operation, convert optical images of the separated three primary colors of light and an optical image of the separated infrared light into electrical signals; and

an output circuit which, in operation, outputs the converted electrical signals,

wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light incident surface,

the second separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a first angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the second separation prism, and

the third separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a second angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the third separation prism, the first angle being less than the second angle.

2. The endoscope of claim 1 ,

wherein at least one of the four image sensors adds the pixel values of adjacent pixels together when converting the optical image of the infrared light into the electrical signal using multiple pixels, and

wherein the output device outputs an electrical signal having an added pixel value.

3. An endoscopic system comprising:

an endoscope;

a processor;

a memory; and

a display;

wherein the endoscope includes a four-color separation prism which, in operation, separates light from an object into three primary colors of light and infrared light, the four-color separation prism comprising an infrared separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism and a fourth color separation prism, an order of the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the fourth color separation prism from a distal end of the four-color separation prism being the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the green color separation prism, (1) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a red component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism, (2) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a blue component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism or (3) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a green component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism. four image sensors which, in operation, convert optical images of the separated three primary colors of light and an optical image of the separated infrared light into electrical signals, and an output device which, in operation, outputs the converted electrical signals to the processor,

wherein in collaboration with the memory, the processor, in operation, converts a first electrical signal, which is converted from each of the optical images of the three primary colors of light, into a first image signal, and a second electrical signal, which is converted from the optical image of the infrared light, into a second image signal,

wherein the display, in operation, displays an image based on the first image signal and the second image signal,

wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light incident surface,

the second separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a second angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the second separation prism, and

the third separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a second angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the third separation prism, the first angle being less than the second angle.

4. The endoscopic system of claim 3 ,

wherein in collaboration with the memory, the processor performs adjustments such that the signal strength of the first image signal is substantially equal to the signal strength of the second image signal.

5. The endoscopic system of claim 3 ,

wherein the display displays the first image signal and the second image signal at the same time.

6. A image display method in an endoscopic system including an endoscope, a processor, a memory, and a display, the method comprising:

the endoscope separating light from an object into three primary colors of light and infrared light using a four-color separation prism comprising an infrared separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism and a fourth color separation prism, an order of the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the green color separation prism from a distal end of the four-color separation prism being the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the fourth color separation prism, (1) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a red component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism, (2) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a blue component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism or (3) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a green component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism;

converting optical images of the separated three primary colors of light and an optical image of the infrared light into electrical signals;

outputting the converted electrical signals to the processor;

converting into a first image signal via collaboration between the memory and the processor a first electrical signal, which is converted from each of the optical images of the three primary colors of light, and converting into a second image signal a second electrical signal, which is converted from the optical image of the infrared light; and

displaying via the display an image based on the first image signal and the second image signal,

wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light incident surface,

the second separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a first angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the second separation prism, and

the third separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a second angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the third separation prism, the first angle being less than the second angle.

7. The image display method in an endoscopic system of claim 6 ,

wherein in collaboration with the memory, the processor performs adjustment such that the signal strength of the first image signal is substantially equal to the signal strength of the second image signal.

8. The endoscope of claim 1 , wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a third angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the infrared separation prism, the first angle being less than the third angle.

9. The endoscope system of claim 3 , wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a third angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the infrared separation prism, the first angle being less than the third angle.

10. The image display method of claim 6 , wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a third angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the infrared separation prism, the first angle being less than the third angle.

11. An endoscope prism comprising:

a four-color separation prism comprising an infrared separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism and a fourth color separation prism, an order of the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the fourth color separation prism from a distal end of the four-color separation prism being the infrared separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism and the fourth color separation prism, (1) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a red component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism, (2) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a blue component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism or (3) the third color separation prism including a light incident surface which, in operation, reflects a green component of the light from an object, the light incident surface of the third color separation prism being adjacent a reflective surface of the second color separation prism;

wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light incident surface,

the second separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a first angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the second separation prism, and

the third separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a second angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the third separation prism, the first angle being less than the second angle.

12. The endoscope prism of claim 11 , wherein the infrared separation prism includes a light reflective surface arranged relative to the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism such that a third angle is formed between the light incident surface of the infrared separation prism and the light reflective surface of the infrared separation prism, the first angle being less than the third angle.

13. The endoscope of claim 1 , wherein the light incident surface of the third color separation prism is coextensive with the reflective surface of the second color separation prism.

14. The endoscope system of claim 3 , wherein the light incident surface of the third color separation prism is coextensive with the reflective surface of the second color separation prism.

15. The image display method in an endoscope system of claim 6 , wherein the light incident surface of the third color separation prism is coextensive with the reflective surface of the second color separation prism.

16. The endoscope prism of claim 11 , wherein the light incident surface of the third color separation prism is coextensive with the reflective surface of the second color separation prism.