Load estimation and load management in a cellular communications network
A cellular communications network 10 comprises a plurality of basestations 12, 14, 16 and 18 connected to each other through an interface and to a core network through another interface. Each basestation has a coverage area referred to as a cell k. There are provided methods for estimating the load imparted on a cell in the cellular communications network by user equipments in the cell. The methods make it possible to estimate any potential increase in the load that may impact onto a target cell due to the handover of a UE from a serving cell.
1. A method for estimating a load imparted on a cell in a cellular communications network by user equipments in the cell, the method comprising:
calculating an average power of the cell;
calculating a bit rate achieved for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell;
estimating a current value of the load imparted on the cell as a sum, taken over each user equipment in the cell, of required bit rates for the user equipments divided by the calculated achieved bit rate for the cell, with the sum multiplied by the calculated average power of the cell divided by a product of a maximum power available in the cell and a number of currently scheduled user equipments in the cell;
determining an actual load imparted on the cell as a sum of a fraction taken of a previous value of the load imparted on the cell and a fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell; and
adjusting the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load, wherein the adjusting comprises:
calculating a variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell; and
adjusting the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell comprises the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell or the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each active user equipment in the cell.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
wherein the sum of the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load equals 1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting further comprises:
determining whether the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is less than a target value minus a first hysteresis value; and
reducing the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and increasing the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on a determination that the calculated variability is less than the target value minus the first hysteresis value.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting further comprises:
determining whether the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is less than a target value minus a first hysteresis value; and
determining whether the calculated variability is greater than the target value plus a second hysteresis value based on a determination that the calculated variability is not less than the target value minus the first hysteresis value;
repeating the previous steps based on a determination that the calculated variability is not greater than the target value plus the second hysteresis value; and
increasing the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and reducing the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on a determination that the calculated variability is greater than the target value plus the second hysteresis value.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is calculated as a standard deviation of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell divided by a mean of the determined current value of the load imparted on the cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein calculating the bit rate achieved for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell comprises at least one of:
calculating the bit rate achieved for a particular user equipment as a fraction taken of a previous value of the bit rate achieved for the particular user equipment based on a determination that the particular user equipment is not currently scheduled; and
calculating the bit rate achieved for a particular user equipment as the sum of a fraction taken of a previous value of the bit rate achieved for the particular user equipment and a fraction taken of a current bit rate allocated to the particular user equipment based on a determination that the particular user equipment is currently scheduled, wherein the sum of the fraction taken of the previous value of the bit rate achieved for the particular user equipment and the fraction taken of the current bit rate allocated to the particular user equipment equals 1.
8. A basestation for estimating a load imparted on a cell in a cellular communications network by user equipments in the cell, the basestation comprising a processor and a memory and configured for:
calculating an average power of the cell;
calculating a bit rate achieved for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell;
estimating a current value of the load imparted on the cell as a sum, taken over each user equipment in the cell, of required bit rates for the user equipments divided by the calculated achieved bit rate for the cell, with the sum multiplied by the calculated average power of the cell divided by a product of a maximum power available in the cell and a number of currently scheduled user equipments in the cell;
determining an actual load imparted on the cell as a sum of a fraction taken of a previous value of the load imparted on the cell and a fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell; and
adjusting the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load, wherein the adjusting comprises:
calculating a variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell; and
adjusting the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell.
9. The basestation of claim 8 , wherein the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell comprises the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell or the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each active user equipment in the cell.
10. The basestation of claim 8 ,
wherein the sum of the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load equals 1.
11. The basestation of claim 8 , wherein the adjusting further comprises:
determining whether the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is less than a target value minus a first hysteresis value; and
reducing the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and increasing the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on a determination that the calculated variability is less than the target value minus the first hysteresis value.
12. The basestation of claim 8 , wherein the adjusting further comprises:
determining whether the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is less than a target value minus a first hysteresis value; and
determining whether the calculated variability is greater than the target value plus a second hysteresis value based on a determination that the calculated variability is not less than the target value minus the first hysteresis value;
repeating the previous steps based on a determination that the calculated variability is not greater than the target value plus the second hysteresis value; and
increasing the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and reducing the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on a determination that the calculated variability is greater than the target value plus the second hysteresis value.
13. The basestation of claim 8 , wherein the variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is calculated as a standard deviation of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell divided by a mean of the determined current value of the load imparted on the cell.
14. The basestation of claim 8 , wherein calculating the bit rate achieved for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell comprises at least one of:
calculating the bit rate achieved for a particular user equipment as a fraction taken of a previous value of the bit rate achieved for the particular user equipment based on a determination that the particular user equipment is not currently scheduled; and
calculating the bit rate achieved for a particular user equipment as the sum of a fraction taken of a previous value of the bit rate achieved for the particular user equipment and a fraction taken of a current bit rate allocated to the particular user equipment based on a determination that the particular user equipment is currently scheduled, wherein the sum of the fraction taken of the previous value of the bit rate achieved for the particular user equipment and the fraction taken of the current bit rate allocated to the particular user equipment equals 1.
15. A computer program product to estimate a load imparted on a cell in a cellular communications network by user equipments in the cell, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions executable by a processor associated with a basestation for the cellular communications network, wherein the basestation operates to:
calculate an average power of the cell;
calculate a bit rate achieved for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell;
estimate a current value of the load imparted on the cell as a sum, taken over each user equipment in the cell, of required bit rates for the user equipments divided by the calculated achieved bit rate for the cell, with the sum multiplied by the calculated average power of the cell divided by a product of a maximum power available in the cell and a number of currently scheduled user equipments in the cell;
determine an actual load imparted on the cell as a sum of a fraction taken of a previous value of the load imparted on the cell and a fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell; and
adjust the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load, wherein to adjust the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load, the basestation operates to:
calculate a variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell; and
adjust the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell.
16. The computer program product of claim 15 ,
wherein the sum of the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load equals 1.
17. The computer program product of claim 15 , wherein the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell comprises the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each currently scheduled user equipment in the cell or the sum of the calculated achieved bit rates for each active user equipment in the cell.
18. The computer program product of claim 15 , further comprising instructions executable by the processor associated with the basestation for the cellular communications network, wherein to adjust the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load, the basestation operates to:
determine whether the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is less than a target value minus a first hysteresis value; and
reduce the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and increasing the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on a determination that the calculated variability is less than the target value minus the first hysteresis value.
19. The computer program product of claim 15 , further comprising instructions executable by the processor associated with the basestation for the cellular communications network, wherein to adjust the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load, the basestation operates to:
determine whether the calculated variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is less than a target value minus a first hysteresis value; and
determine whether the calculated variability is greater than the target value plus a second hysteresis value based on a determination that the calculated variability is not less than the target value minus the first hysteresis value;
repeat the previous steps based on a determination that the calculated variability is not greater than the target value plus the second hysteresis value; and
increase the fraction taken of the previous value of the load and reducing the fraction taken of the estimated current value of the load based on a determination that the calculated variability is greater than the target value plus the second hysteresis value.
20. The computer program product of claim 15 , wherein the variability of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell is calculated as a standard deviation of the estimated current value of the load imparted on the cell divided by a mean of the determined current value of the load imparted on the cell.