Diphenyliodonium salts as sulfidogenesis inhibitors and antimicrobials
The present invention generally relates to the use of diphenyliodonium salts for lowering sulfide concentrations and for preventing growth of microbes in a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system. Treating oilfield injection and produced fluids containing high levels of microbes with diphenyliodonium salts can significantly decrease the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced, which can be used to measure sulfidogenesis. The treatment can also decrease the number of microbes in the injection and produced fluids. Thus, these diphenyliodonium salts can be effectively used as inhibitors of hydrogen sulfide generation and as biocides in oilfield fluids.
1. A method for reducing or preventing growth of a microbe in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system comprising administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium salt into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt is administered by injecting an injection fluid into the hydrocarbon extraction system or the hydrocarbon production system.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon extraction system or the hydrocarbon production system is a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formation, a well, a pipeline, a fluid separation vessel, a floating production storage vessel, an offloading vessel, a refinery, or a storage system.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the hydrocarbon extraction system or the hydrocarbon production system is a subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formation.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering a biocide, administering a calcium nitrate/perchlorate agent, removing sulfate, administering a preservative agent, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the injection fluid comprises seawater, produced water, fresh water, brackish water, drilling fluid, completion fluid, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the microbe comprises a sulfur utilizing prokaryote.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt is injected into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system continuously with the injection fluid.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt is injected into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system intermittently with the injection fluid.
10. A method for reducing concentration of hydrogen sulfide in a hydrocarbon-containing system comprising a water injection system, a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a production system comprising administering an effective amount of a diphenyliodonium salt into the water injection system, the hydrocarbon extraction system, or the hydrocarbon production system, wherein the diphenyliodonium salt inhibits the production of hydrogen sulfide by a sulfur utilizing prokaryote by reducing or preventing growth of the sulfur-utilizing prokaryote.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the sulfur utilizing prokaryote produces sulfide through reduction of sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfur, bisulfite, an organosulfur compound, or a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt is diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium nitrate, diphenyliodonium bromide, diphenyliodonium iodide, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium perchlorate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt is diphenyliodonium chloride, diphenyliodonium nitrate, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt comprises diphenyliodonium chloride.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the diphenyliodonium salt comprises diphenyliodonium nitrate.
16. The method of claim 10 wherein the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium salt is from about 1 to about 500 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium salt is from about 1 to about 100 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium salt is from about 1 to about 50 ppm based on the total amount of injection fluid injected into the formation or production system.
19. The method of claim 16 wherein the effective amount of the diphenyliodonium salt is from about 1 to about 10 ppm based on the total amount of water injected into the formation or production system.
20. The method of claim 10 wherein the hydrocarbon-containing system is a hydrocarbon extraction system, or a hydrocarbon production system.