Monolithic column chromatography
Provided herein are methods of liquid column chromatography in which preparative chromatography is performed in-line with analytical chromatography. In particular aspects a monolithic preparative column is used to purify an analyte of interest from a mixture of other substances by applying the mixture to the column, reversing the flow through the column to elute the analyte, which is applied to an analytical column provided in-line with the preparative column. In other aspects, a single monolithic column is used to perform both the preparative chromatography and analytical chromatography steps in succession. In another aspect, a chromatography system is provided to perform preparative and analytical chromatography using a single monolithic column.
1. A chromatographic method for detecting one or more analytes in a body fluid sample containing one or more other substances, said method comprising:
a) applying a body fluid sample to a monolithic chromatography column comprising a monolithic sorbent having macropores and mesopores;
b) applying a first mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column after applying said body fluid sample under conditions such that one or more analytes are retained on said monolithic chromatography column and one or more other substances present in said body fluid sample are removed, wherein said one or more retained analytes have a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 Daltons;
c) eluting said one or more retained analytes by applying a second mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column to provide said one or more eluted analytes;
c1) directing said one or more eluted analytes to a packed capillary spray tip in-line with said monolithic chromatography column; and
d) detecting said one or more eluted analytes;
wherein the monolithic sorbent comprises a homogeneous network of nodules consisting of microparticles of polyacrylamide or functionalized polyacrylamide with an average diameter of 2 μm.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second mobile phase is applied to said monolithic chromatography column in the opposite direction of the flow of step (b).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said body fluid sample comprises an isolated body fluid selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, bronchial-alveolar lavage, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and perspiration.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 0.1 to 50 μm.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 2 to 20 μm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mesopores have a median diameter of 2 to 100 nm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said mesopores of the functionalized polyacrylamide sorbent comprise a fatty acid linked to said mesopore.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of butyric acid (C4), caprylic acid (C8), and stearic acid (C18).
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said monolithic chromatography column have a molecular weight of less than about 1,000 Daltons.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said monolithic chromatography column have a molecular weight of less than about 500 Daltons.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said other substances are proteins or proteinaceous material.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the eluted one or more eluted analytes are directed to a mass spectrometer for detection in step d).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said body fluid sample applied to the chromatography column in step a) comprises an isolated body fluid mixed with one or more liquids.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: reapplying said one or more analytes eluted in step c) to said monolithic chromatography column under conditions whereby a second chromatographic separation is achieved prior to detection in step d).
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising: reapplying the eluted one or more analytes from said second chromatographic separation to said monolithic column under conditions whereby a third chromatographic separation is achieved prior to detection in step d).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said body fluid sample comprises an isolated body fluid selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, bronchial-alveolar lavage, and perspiration.
17. A method for achieving a chromatographic separation of one or more analytes from one or more other substances in a body fluid sample, said method comprising:
a) applying a body fluid sample to a monolithic chromatography column comprising a monolithic sorbent having macropores and mesopores;
b) applying a first mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column after applying said body fluid sample under conditions such that said one or more analytes in the body fluid sample are retained on said monolithic chromatography column and one or more other substances are removed, wherein said one or more retained analytes have a molecular weight of less than 5,000 Daltons;
c) eluting said one or more retained analytes by applying a second mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column in an opposite direction of the flow in step b) to provide one or more eluted analytes; and
d) directing said one or more eluted analytes to a packed capillary spray tip in-line with said monolithic chromatography column;
wherein the monolithic sorbent comprises a homogeneous network of nodules consisting of microparticles of polyacrylamide or functionalized polyacrylamide with an average diameter of 2 μm.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said body fluid sample comprises an isolated body fluid selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, bronchial-alveolar lavage, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and perspiration.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 0.1 to 50 μm.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 2 to 20 μm.
21. The method of claim 17 , wherein said mesopores have a median diameter of 2 to 100 nm.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein said mesopores of the functionalized polyacrylamide sorbent comprise a fatty acid linked to said mesopore.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein said fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of butyric acid (C4), caprylic acid (C8), and stearic acid (C18).
24. The method of claim 17 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said monolithic chromatography column have a molecular weight of less than 1,000 daltons.
25. The method of claim 17 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said monolithic chromatography column have a molecular weight of less than 500 daltons.
26. The method of claim 17 , wherein said other substances are proteins or proteinaceous material.
27. The method of claim 17 , wherein said body fluid sample applied to the monolithic chromatography column in step a) comprises an isolated body fluid sample mixed with one or more liquids.
28. The method of claim 17 , wherein said one or more of said eluted analytes are directed to a second chromatography column for further chromatographic separation.
29. The method of claim 17 , wherein one or more of said eluted analytes are directed to a mass spectrometer suitable for detecting said one or more eluted analytes.
30. The method of claim 17 , further comprising: reapplying, prior to step d), said one or more eluted analytes to said monolithic chromatography column under conditions whereby a second chromatographic separation is achieved to form a second eluted analyte.
31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising: reapplying, prior to step d), the eluted one or more analytes from said second chromatographic separation to said monolithic column under conditions whereby a third chromatographic separation is achieved.