Method for preparation of liquid mixtures
The present invention relates to the preparation of liquid mixtures, and more particularly to the preparation of a liquid mixture, such as a buffer, wherein the conductivity of the liquid mixture is measured and the pH indirectly determined if the buffer concentration is known. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing a liquid mixture with a predetermined pH value by using conductivity as feedback control parameter.
1. A method of preparing a buffer system having a predetermined pH value without using a pH meter, the method comprising,
measuring the conductivity of the buffer system using a conductivity sensor;
measuring or calculating the concentration of the buffer system;
adding and reducing controlled amounts of buffer components to said buffer system based on the measured conductivity and the measured or calculated concentration of the buffer system to maintain buffer concentration constant; and
stop adding and reducing buffer components when a specific conductivity value is obtained,
wherein said specific conductivity value is correlated to said predetermined pH value and the buffer concentration by a surface model equation and the method further comprising
using a training data set with known concentrations, specific conductivities and pHes obtained from a training set of solutions; and
measuring the pH for the solutions belonging to the training data set and using a numerical regression method to obtain the surface model equation as a regression model from the training data.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the buffer system is an acetate buffer system, a citrate buffer system, a phosphate buffer system, or a Tris buffer system.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface model equation is of the form:
pH=A+B*concentration of the buffer system+C*concentration of the buffer system Λ 2+D* specific conductivity; and
wherein A, B, C, and D are buffer system specific constants determined through the regression modelling of the training data.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface model equation is of the form;
pH=A+B*concentration of the buffer system+C*concentration of the buffer system Λ 2+D* specific conductivity+E* specific conductivity Λ 2; and
wherein A, B, C, D, and E are buffer system specific constants determined through the regression modelling of the training data.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system is measured by any of Index of Refraction (IoR), Infrared Red (IR), and Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at several wavelengths.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system is calculated from the known flows from stock solutions of known concentrations and the flows of other components like water and non-buffering salts or additives to the point of mixture of the buffer.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system is calculated from the measured conductivities, IR values, or IoR values and known flows from stock solutions and the flows of other components like water and non-buffering salts or additives to the point of mixture of the buffer.
8. The method of claim 1 , which is computer-implemented.
9. A method for controlling a buffer formulation system, the method comprising using the method of claim 1 .
10. A method for controlling an in-line dilution system, the method comprising using the method of claim 1 .
11. A method for screening experiments wherein pH and the concentration of the buffer system is used as a design of experiment (DoE) parameter, the method comprising using the method of claim 1 .
12. A device comprising a computer and a computer program product comprising instructions for causing the computer to perform a method of preparing a buffer system having a predetermined pH value without using a pH meter, the method comprising,
measuring the conductivity of the buffer system using a conductivity sensor;
measuring or calculating the concentration of the buffer system;
adding and reducing controlled amounts of buffer components to said buffer system based on the measured conductivity and the measured or calculated concentration of the buffer system to maintain buffer concentration constant; and
stop adding and reducing buffer components when a specific conductivity value is obtained,
wherein said specific conductivity value is correlated to said predetermined pH value and the buffer concentration by a mathematical model and the method further comprising
using a training data set with known concentrations, specific conductivities and pHes obtained from a training set of solutions; and
measuring the pH for the solutions belonging to the training data set and using a numerical regression method obtain a mathematical model as a regression model from the training data.
13. The device of claim 12 , further comprising a conductivity sensor and a concentration sensor and the computer for calculating pH from measured conductivity.
14. The device of claim 12 , comprising a conductivity sensor and allowing input of buffer concentration and the computer for calculating pH from measured conductivity.
15. A computer implemented method of preparing a buffer system having a predetermined pH value without using a pH meter, wherein the buffer system is an acetate buffer system, a citrate buffer system, a phosphate buffer system, or a Tris buffer system, the method comprising,
measuring the conductivity of the buffer system using a conductivity sensor;
measuring or calculating the concentration of the buffer system;
adding and reducing controlled amounts of buffer components to said buffer system based on the measured conductivity and the measured or calculated concentration of the buffer system to maintain buffer concentration constant; and
stop adding and reducing buffer components when a specific conductivity value is obtained,
wherein said specific conductivity value is correlated to said predetermined pH value and the buffer concentration by a surface model equation of the form:
pH=A+B*concentration of the buffer system+C*concentration of the buffer system Λ 2+D* specific conductivity; and
or
pH=A+B*concentration of the buffer system+C*concentration of the buffer system Λ 2+D* specific conductivity+E* specific conductivity Λ 2; and
wherein A, B, C, D, and E are buffer system specific constants and the method further comprising determining A, B, C, D, and E through using a training data set with known concentrations, specific conductivities and pHes obtained from a training set of solutions; and measuring the pH for the solutions belonging to the training data set and using a numerical regression method to obtain the surface model equation as a regression model from the training data.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system is measured by any of Index of Refraction (IoR), Infrared Red (IR), and Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at several wavelengths.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system is calculated from the known flows from stock solutions of known concentrations and the flows of other components like water and non-buffering salts or additives to the point of mixture of the buffer.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the concentration of the buffer system is calculated from the measured conductivities, IR values, or IoR values and known flows from stock solutions and the flows of other components like water and non-buffering salts or additives to the point of mixture of the buffer.
19. A device comprising
a computer program product comprising instructions for causing the computer to perform the method steps of claim 15 , and
a conductivity sensor and concentration sensor and the computer for calculating pH from measured conductivity according to the method of claim 15 or,
a conductivity sensor and allowing input of buffer concentration and the computer for calculating pH from measured conductivity according to the method of claim 15 .