METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING QUALITY OF A DYNAMIC ACTIVITY OF A BODY
Apparatus is disclosed for monitoring, measuring and/or estimating metrics and/or combinations of the metrics associated with Quality of a dynamic activity of a body or body part of a vertebral mammal. The apparatus includes at least one inertial sensor for measuring relative to a first frame of reference acceleration and/or rotation data indicative of the Quality of a dynamic activity and for providing the acceleration and/or rotation data. The apparatus also includes a memory device adapted for storing the acceleration and/or rotation data, and a processor adapted for processing the acceleration and/or rotation data to evaluate one or more biomechanical metrics associated with Quality of the dynamic activity that correlates to the data. The processor may be configured to execute at least one algorithm for evaluating the one or more biomechanical metrics associated with quality of the dynamic activity. A method for monitoring, measuring and/or estimating metrics and/or combinations of the metrics associated with Quality of a dynamic activity of a body or body part of a vertebral mammal is also disclosed.
1 . An apparatus for monitoring, measuring and/or estimating metrics associated with Quality of a dynamic activity of a body or body part of a vertebral mammal, said apparatus including:
at least one inertial sensor for measuring relative to a first frame of reference acceleration and/or rotation data indicative of said Quality of a dynamic activity and for providing said acceleration and/or rotation data;
a memory device adapted for storing said acceleration and/or rotation data; and
a processor adapted for processing said acceleration and/or rotation data to evaluate one or more biomechanical metrics associated with Quality of said dynamic activity that correlates to said data.
2 . The apparatus according to claim 1 including a magnetic field sensor for measuring a magnetic field around said body or body part and for providing data indicative of said magnetic field.
3 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said dynamic activity includes walking and/or running.
4 . The apparatus Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said processor is configured to execute at least one algorithm for evaluating said one or more biomechanical metrics associated with quality of said dynamic activity.
5 . The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said at least one algorithm is adapted to evaluate the or each biomechanical metric based on features of a signal detected by a Wavelet transform of said data.
6 . The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said Wavelet Transform is adapted to detect local features in a time-domain of a signal measured by the at least one inertial sensor.
7 . The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein said local features include specific peaks, troughs and/or slope of said signal being features related to known events, such as heel strike, toe off and/or knee deviation.
8 . The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said Wavelet Transform is adapted to decompose said signal into approximation decompositions and detail decompositions associated with said local features.
9 . The apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said approximation decompositions are used to locate a low frequency region of said dynamic activity.
10 . The apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said detail decompositions are used to detect peaks and troughs in said signal.
11 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said metrics associated with quality of said dynamic activity include a measure of airborne time, speed, vertical, medio-lateral and anterior-posterior speeds, displacement, distance, stride length, stride rate, knee height, knee deviation, ground contact time, foot strike type, minimum toe clearance, acceleration and/or angular rate of change of said body or body part, vertical, horizontal, rotational 3D forces, timing of forces and impact and vibration applied to and/or experienced by said body or body part.
12 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said biomechanical metrics are used to provide a scoring system for quality of the dynamic activity.
13 . The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein two or more biomechanical metrics are used in combination to provide a score or measure of said quality of a dynamic activity of a body or body part of a vertebral mammal.
14 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the or each metric associated with quality of said dynamic activity is assessed with reference to a preferred range or threshold of values.
15 . Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes an accelerometer.
16 . The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said accelerometer is adapted for measuring acceleration along one or more orthogonal axes.
17 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes a gyroscope and/or a magnetometer.
18 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said body of said mammal includes tibias and the at least one inertial sensor includes a wireless acceleration sensor adapted to be placed on each tibia.
19 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes an analog to digital (A to D) converter for converting analog data to a digital domain.
20 . The apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said A to D converter is configured to convert an analog output from said at least on inertial sensor to digital data prior to storing said data.
21 . The apparatus according to claim 1 including means for providing feedback to a subject being monitored.
22 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said algorithm is adapted to transform said data from said first frame of reference to a second frame of reference in which said body part performs a movement.
23 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least on inertial sensor includes a rotation sensor.
24 . The apparatus s according to claim 23 wherein said rotation sensor includes a gyroscope adapted for measuring rotation around one or more orthogonal axes.
25 . The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said algorithm is adapted to integrate rotation data over a period of time to provide an angular displacement (θ).
26 . A method for monitoring, measuring and/or estimating metrics associated with Quality of a dynamic activity of a body or body part of a vertebral mammal, said method including:
using at least one inertial sensor to measure relative to a first frame of reference acceleration and/or rotation data indicative of said Quality of a dynamic activity and to provide said acceleration and/or rotation data;
storing said acceleration and/or rotation data in a memory device; and
processing said acceleration and/or rotation data by a processor to evaluate one or more biomechanical metrics associated with Quality of said dynamic activity that correlates to said data.
27 . A method according to claim 26 including using a magnetic field sensor to measure a magnetic field around said body or body part and to provide data indicative of said magnetic field.
28 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said dynamic activity includes walking and/or running.
29 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said processor is configured to execute at least one algorithm for evaluating said one or more biomechanical metrics associated with quality of said dynamic activity.
30 . A method according to claim 29 wherein said at least one algorithm is adapted to evaluate the or each biomechanical metric based on features of a signal detected by a Wavelet transform of said data.
31 . A method according to claim 30 wherein said Wavelet Transform is adapted to detect local features in a time-domain of a signal measured by the at least one inertial sensor.
32 . A method according to claim 31 wherein said local features include specific peaks, troughs and/or slope of said signal being features related to known events, such as heel strike, toe off and/or knee deviation.
33 . A method according to claim 31 wherein said Wavelet Transform is adapted to decompose said signal into approximation decompositions and detail decompositions associated with said local features.
34 . A method according to claim 33 wherein said approximation decompositions are used to locate a low frequency region of said dynamic activity.
35 . A method according to claim 33 wherein said detail decompositions are used to detect peaks and troughs in said signal.
36 . A method according to claim 26 wherein the or each metric associated with quality of said dynamic activity includes a measure of airborne time, speed, vertical, medio-lateral and anterior-posterior speeds, displacement, distance, stride length and/or stride rate, knee height, knee deviation, ground contact time, foot strike type, minimum toe clearance, acceleration and/or angular rate of change of said body or body part, vertical, horizontal, rotational 3D forces, timing of forces and impact and vibration applied to and/or experienced by said body or body part.
37 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said biomechanical metrics are used to provide a scoring system for quality of the dynamic activity.
38 . A method according to claim 37 wherein two or more biomechanical metrics are used on combination to provide a score or measure of said quality of a dynamic activity of a body or body part of a vertebral mammal.
39 . A method according to claim 26 wherein the or each metric associated with quality of said dynamic activity is assessed with reference to a preferred range or threshold of values.
40 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes an accelerometer.
41 . A method according to claim 40 wherein said accelerometer is adapted for measuring acceleration along one or more orthogonal axes.
42 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes a gyroscope and/or a magnetometer.
43 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said body of said mammal includes tibias and the at least one inertial sensor includes a wireless accelerometer adapted to be placed on each tibia.
44 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes an analog to digital (A to D) converter for converting analog data to a digital domain.
45 . A method according to claim 44 wherein said A to D converter is configured to convert an analog output from said at least one inertial sensor to digital data prior to storing said data.
46 . A method according to claim 26 including means for providing feedback of said deviation to a subject being monitored.
47 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said algorithm is adapted to transform said data from said first frame of reference to a second frame of reference in which said body part performs a movement.
48 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said at least one inertial sensor includes a rotation sensor.
49 . A method according to claim 48 wherein said rotation sensor includes a gyroscope adapted for measuring rotation around one or more orthogonal axes.
50 . A method according to claim 26 wherein said algorithm is adapted to integrate said rotation data over a period of time to provide an angular displacement (θ).