Method of supporting a capacitor, capacitor assembly and subsea adjustable speed drive comprising the assembly
A method is disclosed for supporting a capacitor. In an embodiment, the method includes applying a pressure on a first side of the capacitor parallel to a first electrode of the capacitor in a first direction of a normal of the first electrode; applying a pressure on a second side of the capacitor parallel to a second electrode of the capacitor in a second direction of a normal of the second electrode, the first direction being opposite to the second direction; and afterwards pressurizing a non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor to a target pressure.
1. A method for supporting a capacitor, the method comprising:
applying a pressure on a first side of the capacitor, parallel to a first electrode of the capacitor in a first direction of a normal of the first electrode;
applying a pressure on a second side of the capacitor, parallel to a second electrode of the capacitor in a second direction of a normal of the second electrode, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction;
applying a voltage between the first electrode of the capacitor and the second electrode of the capacitor, to charge the capacitor at a start pressure of non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor; and
subsequently pressurizing the non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor to a target pressure, the target pressure being above an atmospheric air pressure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target pressure of the non-conductive fluid is between 10 bar and 500 bar.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the target pressure of the non-conductive fluid is between 250 bar and 350 bar.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the non-conductive fluid is between −20° C. and 100° C.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the temperature is a temperature of the non-conductive fluid, and wherein the temperature is between 30° C. and 90° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor is a film capacitor comprising a stack of dielectric layers or a roll of dielectric layers, formed from two films, each of the two films being coated with a conductor, and wherein a metal, on one side of each of the two films, forms at least one of the first electrode of the capacitor and the second electrode of the capacitor.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the films include a thickness between 1 μm and 20 μm, the films comprising propylene, and wherein on each film, the metal comprises aluminum.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure applied on at least one of the first side and the second side is selected such that no non-conductive fluid penetrates between dielectric layers of the capacitor or causes wrinkles or delamination in the dielectric layers of the capacitor when the non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor is pressurized to the target pressure.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pressure from ambient static fluid pressure combined with the pressure from the method of supporting the capacitor does not exceed a critical total pressure to maintain a self-healing function.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure applied on at least one of the first side and the second side of the capacitor is between 0.1 bar and 50 bar.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the pressure applied is between 1 bar and 10 bar.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-conductive fluid comprises a dielectric liquid.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the non-conductive fluid comprises an ester-based dielectric liquid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein during the pressurizing, the pressure of the non-conductive fluid increases at a rate of between 1 and 10,000 bar per minute.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein during the pressurizing, the pressure of the non-conductive fluid increases at a rate of 50 and 200 bar per minute.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the voltage has a value between 0.5 and 1.5 of a rated voltage of the capacitor.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the voltage has a value between 300 V and 1500 V, wherein further, after applying the voltage an electric field between the first electrode of the capacitor and the second electrode of the capacitor has a value between 20 and 500 V/ μm.
18. A method for supporting a capacitor, the method comprising:
applying a pressure on a first side of the capacitor, parallel to a first electrode of the capacitor in a first direction of a normal of the first electrode;
applying a pressure on a second side of the capacitor, parallel to a second electrode of the capacitor in a second direction of a normal of the second electrode, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction;
subsequently pressurizing a non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor to a target pressure, the target pressure being above an atmospheric air pressure;
depressurizing the non-conductive fluid to a start pressure;
transporting the capacitor to an application site;
pressurizing an operational fluid surrounding the capacitor; and
performing a normal operation of the capacitor.
19. An arrangement for supporting a capacitor, the arrangement comprising:
a vessel;
a frame, arrangeable in the vessel and adapted to apply a pressure on a first side of the capacitor, parallel to a first electrode of the capacitor in a first direction of a normal of the first electrode and adapted to apply a pressure on a second side of the capacitor, parallel to a second electrode of the capacitor in a second direction of a normal of the second electrode, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction;
means for applying a voltage between the first electrode of the capacitor and the second electrode of the capacitor, to charge the capacitor at a start pressure of non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor within the vessel; and
means for subsequently pressurizing the non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor within the vessel to a target pressure, the target pressure being above an atmospheric air pressure.
20. The arrangement of claim 19 , wherein the frame comprises at least one stiff plane plate in contact with at least one of a respective first and second side of the capacitor to apply the pressure on the respective side across a full area of the respective side.
21. The arrangement of claim 20 , wherein the vessel is pressure compensatable.
22. The arrangement of claim 19 , the frame further comprising:
at least one spring, to generate at least one of the pressure on the first side and the pressure on the second side.
23. The arrangement of claim 19 , wherein in the pressurizing system, adapted to subsequently pressurize a non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor within the vessel to a target pressure, the pressure of the non-conductive fluid increases at a rate of between 1 and 10,000 bar per minute.
24. The arrangement of claim 19 , wherein the voltage has a value between 0.5 and 1.5 of a rated voltage of the capacitor.
25. A vessel enclosed capacitor assembly, comprising
a vessel, filled with non-conductive fluid and enclosing a capacitor assembly, the capacitor assembly including
a capacitor,
a frame, the frame being adapted
to apply a pressure on a first side of the capacitor, parallel to a first electrode of the capacitor in a first direction of a normal of the first electrode, and
to apply a pressure on a second side of the capacitor, parallel to a second electrode of the capacitor in a second direction of a normal of the second electrode, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction,
means for applying a voltage between the first electrode of the capacitor and the second electrode of the capacitor, to charge the capacitor at a start pressure of the non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor, and
means for subsequently pressurizing the non-conductive fluid surrounding the capacitor within the vessel to a target pressure, the target pressure being above an atmospheric air pressure.
26. The capacitor assembly of claim 25 , wherein the frame comprises a first plate to apply the pressure to the first side of the capacitor and a second plate to apply the pressure to the second side of the capacitor, wherein the first plate and the second plate are connected by a guide element, wherein one of the first and second plates is a movable plate movable along the guide element, and wherein the frame further includes a spring element to apply a spring force to the first or second plate to urge the first and second plates together.
27. The capacitor assembly of claim 26 , wherein the spring element comprises at least one of at least one leaf spring and at least one coil spring.
28. The capacitor assembly of claim 26 , wherein the spring element comprises at least one of at least one leaf spring and at least one coil spring.
29. A subsea adjustable speed drive, comprising:
a frequency converter including a direct current link; and
the vessel enclosed capacitor assembly of claim 25 , the capacitor of the vessel enclosed capacitor assembly being coupled to the direct current link of the frequency converter, wherein the vessel is pressure compensatable.