Seismic coupling system and method

1. A sensor device for recording seismic data, the sensor device comprising:

a top section;

a bottom section removably attached to the top section through a connecting plug; and

a seismic sensor,

wherein the bottom section holds inside a chamber (1) the seismic sensor and (2) a coupling material that surrounds the seismic sensor, the coupling material being released into ground upon the bottom section impacting the ground so that the coupling material forms an interface between the seismic sensor and the ground.

2. The sensor device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a fly control mechanism attached to the top section for controlling a free fall toward the ground.

3. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the bottom section comprises:

a housing;

a piston that separates the housing into first and second chambers and is free to move inside the housing;

the seismic sensor located in the second chamber; and

the coupling material is located in the second chamber.

4. The sensor device of claim 3 , wherein the housing has pathways in side walls through which the coupling material is released outside the housing.

5. The sensor device of claim 4 , further comprising:

caps for plugging the pathways and for keeping the coupling material within the second chamber before landing on the ground.

6. The sensor device of claim 3 , wherein the housing has a tip section having a pointed shape for penetrating the ground.

7. The sensor device of claim 4 , wherein pathways closer to the top section have a different diameter than pathways further from the top section.

8. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the coupling material is a gel.

9. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the coupling material is in a first state while inside the bottom section and is in a second state, different from the first state, while outside the bottom section.

10. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the top section comprises:

a positioning system that measures a position of the sensor device;

a communication system that communicates with a support vehicle;

a fly control mechanism that controls a free fall of the sensor device;

a power system that supplies electrical power; and

a processing system that communicates with a seismic sensor located in the bottom section and stores recorded seismic data.

11. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the bottom section is made of a biodegradable material.

12. A seismic system for recording seismic data, the seismic system comprising:

a sensor device that measures seismic data; and

an aerial vehicle configured to release the sensor device from a certain height above a target position,

wherein the sensor device includes,

a top section,

a bottom section removably attached to the top section through a connecting plug, and

a seismic sensor,

wherein the bottom section holds inside a chamber (1) the seismic sensor and (2) a coupling material that surrounds the seismic sensor, the coupling material being released into ground upon the bottom section impacting the ground so that the coupling material forms an interface between the seismic sensor and the ground.

13. The seismic system of claim 12 , wherein the bottom section comprises:

a housing;

a piston that separates the housing into first and second chambers and is free to move inside the housing;

the seismic sensor located in the second chamber; and

the coupling material is located in the second chamber.

14. The seismic system of claim 13 , wherein the housing has pathways in side walls through which the coupling material is released outside the housing.

15. The seismic system of claim 14 , further comprising:

caps for plugging the pathways and for keeping the coupling material within the second chamber before landing on the ground.

16. The seismic system of claim 12 , wherein the top section comprises:

a positioning system that measures a position of the sensor device;

a communication system that communicates with a support vehicle;

a fly control mechanism that controls a free fall of the sensor device;

a power system that supplies electrical power; and

a processing system that communicates with a seismic sensor located in the bottom section and stores recorded seismic data.

17. A method for collecting seismic data, the method comprising:

deploying an aerial vehicle, which carries a sensor device, above a target position on the ground;

releasing the sensor device from a certain height above the ground; and

releasing a coupling material from inside a chamber of the sensor device when hitting the ground,

wherein the chamber of the sensor device holds (1) a seismic sensor and (2) the coupling material, the coupling material surrounding the seismic sensor, and

wherein the coupling material forms an interface between the seismic sensor and the ground and provides a better coupling of the seismic sensor inside the sensor device with the ground.

18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

controlling a free-fall descent of the sensor device to the target position.

19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

recording seismic data with the sensor device; and

recovering a top section of the sensor device with the aerial vehicle while a bottom portion remains in the ground.

20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:

exchanging commands in a wireless manner between the aerial vehicle and the sensor device.

21. A sensor device for recording seismic data, the sensor device comprising:

a top section;

a seismic sensor; and

a bottom section removably attached to the top section through a connecting plug, the connecting plug electrically connecting the two sections to each other,

wherein the bottom section holds inside a chamber a coupling material that is released into ground upon the bottom section impacting the ground so that the coupling material forms an interface between the seismic sensor and the ground.