Thermoplastic film for a laminated-glass pane having a non-linear continuous wedge insert in the vertical and horizontal direction in some sections
A thermoplastic film for a laminated-glass pane, having a non-linear continuous wedge insert in both a vertical and horizontal direction in some sections, is described. In the vertical direction, the laminated-glass pane is, from the perspective of an observer, further at a lower end than at an upper end. In a laminated-glass pane equipped with the thermoplastic film, the thermoplastic film is located between two glass layers. The thermoplastic film has at least a first section having a wedge angle profile that is continuous and non-linear in the vertical and horizontal direction, such that ghost images from a head-up display are minimized in the region of the first section. The thermoplastic film also minimizes double images in transmission in the first section and in further sections.
1. A thermoplastic film for a laminated glass pane with a nonlinear continuous wedge insert in vertical and horizontal direction, the thermoplastic film being adapted to be situated between two glass layers of the laminated pane, the thermoplastic film comprising:
a first section having a continuous nonlinear change of the film thickness in the vertical and horizontal direction such that ghost images from a head-up display are minimized in a region of the first section,
wherein a wedge angle in the vertical direction in the center of the first section of the thermoplastic film is greater in some sections than a wedge angle in the vertical direction at a different horizontal position inside the first section, and
wherein the thermoplastic film also minimizes double images in transmission in the at least first section.
2. The thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic film contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluorides (PVF), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and/or mixtures and copolymers thereof.
3. The thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , wherein the wedge angle at a lower edge is smaller than the wedge angle at an upper edge of the laminated glass pane.
4. The thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic film has, at a lower edge, a thickness of less than 1 mm.
5. The thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , wherein in a region outside the first section the thermoplastic film has, in the vertical direction, a wedge-angle profile that has, for prevention of double images in transmission, a wedge angle that is constant or variable at least in some sections.
6. The thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , wherein
the wedge angle in the vertical direction in the center of the thermoplastic film inside the first section varies between 0.8 mrad and 0.1 mrad,
the wedge angle in the vertical direction in the center of the thermoplastic film varies between 0.6 mrad and 0.1 mrad, and
the wedge angle from a lower end to an upper end is a function of the distance from the lower end or from the upper end, the function being at least a second degree function.
7. A laminated glass pane, comprising:
a first glass layer and a second glass layer, and
the thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , located between the first glass layer and the second glass layer.
8. The laminated glass pane according to claim 7 , wherein the laminated glass pane has a thickness of 1 mm to 8 mm at a lower end.
9. The laminated glass pane according to claim 7 , wherein the first glass layer and/or the second glass layer have a thickness selected from a range of about 1 mm to 3 mm at a lower end.
10. A method for producing the laminated glass pane according to claim 7 , comprising:
obtaining the first glass layer and the second glass layer,
placing the thermoplastic film on the first glass layer,
placing the second glass layer on the thermoplastic film,
bonding the first glass layer to the thermoplastic film, and
bonding the second glass layer to the thermoplastic film.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the wedge angle is calculated as a function of the local angle of incidence and a local radius of curvature of the laminated glass pane, and the resultant progression of the wedge angle is determined.
12. A head-up display arrangement, comprising:
a projector for illuminating a head-up display region of a laminated glass pane, and
a laminated glass pane comprising the thermoplastic film according to claim 10 , wherein, during operation, the projector substantially illuminates a second section.
13. An arrangement comprising the laminated glass pane according to claim 7 , said arrangement being a motor vehicle, in particular a windshield for displaying a head-up display, a building or an information display.
14. A method for producing the thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , comprising:
calculating the vertical wedge angle required for compensation of ghost images in the first section as a function of the local angle of incidence and a local radius of curvature of the laminated glass pane,
determining the resultant progression of the vertical wedge angle,
calculating the horizontal wedge angle required for compensation of ghost images in the first section as a function of the local angle of incidence and a local radius of curvature of the laminated glass pane,
determining the resultant progression of the horizontal wedge angle,
calculating the wedge angle required for compensation of the double image as a function of the local angle of incidence and a local radius of curvature of the laminated glass pane, and
determining the resultant progression of the wedge angle.
15. An arrangement for laminated glass panes comprising the thermoplastic film according to claim 1 , said arrangement being a motor vehicle, a building or an information display.