EV battery pack cooling system
View Patent ↗A battery pack thermal management assembly is provided for use with an electric vehicle in which the battery pack is sealed and mounted under the car. The batteries contained within the battery pack are thermally coupled via a layer of thermally conductive material to the interior surface of the pack's upper enclosure panel. A shaped conduit panel is attached to the exterior surface of the pack's upper enclosure panel. A cooling panel structure containing a coolant channel is defined by the enclosure panel's exterior surface and the conduit panel's interior surface.
1. A battery pack thermal management assembly, comprising:
a plurality of batteries, each battery of said plurality of batteries comprising a first terminal at a first end portion of said battery and a second terminal at said first end portion of said battery;
a sealed battery pack enclosure configured to contain said plurality of batteries, said sealed battery pack enclosure comprising a lower enclosure panel, a plurality of enclosure side panels, and an upper enclosure panel, and wherein said upper enclosure panel is comprised of a thermally conductive material;
a conduit panel, wherein at least a portion of said conduit panel in cross-section exhibits a corrugated structure, said corrugated structure comprising a plurality of mounting surfaces and a plurality of channels, said conduit panel attached to an external surface of said upper enclosure panel at a plurality of attachment junctures, wherein at least a portion of said plurality of attachment junctures are formed between said external surface of said upper enclosure panel and said plurality of mounting surfaces, and wherein said plurality of attachment junctures form a coolant channel seal;
a coolant channel thermally coupled to said upper enclosure panel, said coolant channel defined by said external surface of said upper enclosure panel and an inner surface of said plurality of channels of said corrugated structure of said conduit panel; and
a layer of thermally conductive material, wherein said layer of thermally conductive material is electrically insulative, wherein said layer of thermally conductive material contacts and is thermally coupled to at least an upper surface of each battery of said plurality of batteries, wherein said upper surface of each battery is distal from said first end portion of each battery, and wherein said layer of thermally conductive material is interposed between said upper surface of each battery of said plurality of batteries and an internal surface of said upper enclosure panel.
2. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said sealed battery pack enclosure is mounted to a vehicle, wherein said first end portion of each battery of said plurality of batteries is in close proximity to said lower enclosure panel, wherein said lower enclosure panel is adjacent to a road surface, and wherein said upper surface of each battery of said plurality of batteries is in close proximity to said internal surface of said upper enclosure panel.
3. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 2 , wherein each battery of said plurality of batteries utilizes a cylindrical form factor, and wherein said plurality of batteries are positioned within said sealed battery pack enclosure such that a cylindrical axis corresponding to each battery of said plurality of batteries is substantially perpendicular to said lower enclosure panel.
4. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 3 , wherein said coolant channel is positioned such that a coolant within said coolant channel flows within a plane that is substantially perpendicular to said cylindrical axis corresponding to each of said plurality of batteries.
5. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of attachment junctures are fabricated using a technique selected from welding, brazing, soldering and bonding.
6. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of attachment junctures are comprised of at least one of a weld joint, a braze joint, a solder joint and a bonding joint.
7. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said external surface of said upper enclosure panel is flat.
8. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a heat transfer medium contained within said coolant channel; and
a circulation pump configured to pump said heat transfer medium through said coolant channel.
9. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said layer of thermally conductive material is discontinuous and comprised of a plurality of thermally conductive material regions, wherein said plurality of thermally conductive material regions correspond to said plurality of batteries.
10. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said layer of thermally conductive material contacts and is thermally coupled to a second end portion of each battery of said plurality of batteries, wherein said second end portion of each battery is distal from said first end portion of each battery.
11. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of granules dispersed throughout said layer of thermally conductive material, wherein a first melting point corresponding to said plurality of granules is higher than a second melting point corresponding to said layer of thermally conductive material.
12. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said upper enclosure panel is fabricated from a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and iron alloys.
13. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said upper enclosure panel has a thermal conductivity of at least 15 Wm −1 K −1 .
14. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 13 , wherein said upper enclosure panel has a thermal conductivity of at least 40 Wm −1 K −1 .
15. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 14 , wherein said upper enclosure panel has a thermal conductivity of at least 100 Wm −1 K −1 .
16. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said conduit panel is fabricated from a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and iron alloys.
17. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said layer of thermally conductive material has a resistivity of at least 10 12 ohm-cm and a thermal conductivity of at least 0.25 Wm −1 K −1 .
18. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 17 , wherein said thermal conductivity of said layer of thermally conductive material is greater than 0.75 Wm −1 K −1 .
19. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said layer of thermally conductive material is comprised of an epoxy.
20. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said inner surface of said upper enclosure panel is coated with an isolation layer comprised of an electrically non-conductive material.
21. The battery pack thermal management assembly of claim 1 , wherein said upper enclosure panel is fabricated from aluminum, and wherein said inner surface of said upper enclosure panel is anodized.