Water activated battery
The invention provides a water-activated, deferred-action battery having a housing containing at least one cell, comprising at least one anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof; a cathode comprising a skeletal frame including conductive metal and having a portion of its surface area formed as open spaces, and further comprising a heat-pressed, rigid static bed of active cathode material encompassing the skeletal frame, the cathode material comprising basic copper sulfate, said cathode material being compacted and fused to itself and to the skeletal frame under pressure and / or heat, to form a heat-fused, conductive, electrochemically active phase; at least one cavity separating the cathode and the at least one anode, and at least one aperture leading to the at least one cavity for the ingress of an electrolyte-forming, aqueous liquid.
1. A water-activated, deferred-action battery having a housing containing at least one cell, comprising:
a) at least one anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof;
b) a cathode comprising at least one of a group consisting of basic copper sulfate and basic copper carbonate on a skeletal frame;,
c) at least one cavity separating said cathode and said at least one anode; and,
d) at least one aperture leading to said at least one cavity for the ingress of an electrolyte-forming, aqueous liquid.
2. The water-activated, deferred-action battery of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said basic copper sulfate and said basic copper carbonate is compacted and fused to itself and to the skeletal frame, to form a heat-fused, conductive, electrochemically active material.
3. The water activated deferred action battery of claim 1 , wherein a portion of a surface of the cathode is formed as open spaces.
4. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode further comprising an electronically conductive material.
5. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 4 , wherein said electronically conductive material is selected from the group comprising graphite, carbon black and carbon fibers.
6. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode further comprises a soluble, ionically conductive material.
7. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 6 , wherein the ionically conductive material comprises a salt of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a transition metal.
8. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 7 , wherein the ionically conductive material comprises a halide or a sulfate.
9. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode further comprises a binder material.
10. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 9 , wherein the binder material comprises a fluoropolymer, a kaolin, a wax or sulfur.
11. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode material is fused to itself by heating during or after compression.
12. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode material further comprises copper sulfate.
13. A cathode material for an activated, deferred-action battery comprising at least one of a group consisting of basic copper sulfate and basic copper carbonate on a skeletal frame.
14. The cathode material of claim 13 , further comprising an electronically conductive material.
15. The cathode material of claim 14 , wherein said electronically conductive material is selected from the group comprising graphite, carbon black and carbon fibers.
16. The cathode material of claim 13 , further comprising a soluble ionically conductive material.
17. The cathode material of claim 16 , wherein the ionically conductive material comprises a salt of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or a salt of a transitional metal element.
18. The cathode material of claim 16 , wherein the ionically conductive material comprises a halide or a sulfate.
19. The cathode material of claim 13 further comprising a binder material.
20. The cathode material of claim 19 , wherein the binder material comprises a fluoropolymer, a kaolin, wax or sulfur.
21. The cathode material of claim 13 further comprising copper sulfate.
22. A method of fabricating the cathode material of claim 13 , by fusing it to itself by heating during or after compression.
23. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 where the anode and cathode are parallel flat plates.
24. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 where the anode is a hollow cylinder and the cathode is a smaller cylinder nested within the anode without contact between the anode and cathode.
25. The water-activated, deferred-action battery according to claim 1 where the cathode is a hollow cylinder and the anode is a smaller cylinder nested within the cathode without contact between the anode and cathode.