ZONED CATALYTIC CONVERTERS FOR GASOLINE ENGINES WITH REDUCED RHODIUM CONTENT
Zoned substrates and catalytic converters comprising zoned substrates for use in treating exhaust gases from gasoline engines are disclosed, along with materials for use in providing high oxygen storage capacity for the catalytic converters. Methods of making the zoned substrates, catalytic converters, and the oxygen storage material are also disclosed.
1 . A coated substrate for use in a catalytic converter for treatment of gasoline engine exhaust, comprising:
a) a substrate;
b) a first washcoat layer disposed in a first zone of the substrate, the first washcoat layer comprising:
b.i) first composite nanoparticles comprising a first catalytic nanoparticle bonded to a first support nanoparticle; and
either b.ii) first metal oxide particles impregnated with barium oxide, or b.ii′) first metal oxide particles and barium oxide;
c) a second washcoat layer disposed in a second zone of the substrate, the second washcoat layer comprising:
c.i) second composite nanoparticles comprising a second catalytic nanoparticle bonded to a second support nanoparticle; and
c.ii) oxygen storage particles;
wherein the first zone and second zone on the substrate do not overlap.
2 - 5 . (canceled)
6 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first catalytic nanoparticle of the first composite nanoparticles comprises palladium.
7 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first support nanoparticle of the first composite nanoparticles comprises aluminum oxide.
8 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide particles comprise a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, cerium-zirconium oxide, cerium-zirconium-lanthanum oxide, cerium-zirconium-yttrium oxide, and cerium-zirconium-lanthanum-yttrium oxide, said first metal oxide particles further impregnated with barium oxide.
9 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide particles comprise cerium-zirconium-lanthanum oxide, said cerium-zirconium-lanthanum oxide further impregnated with barium oxide.
10 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second catalytic nanoparticle of the second composite nanoparticles comprises palladium.
11 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second support nanoparticle of the second composite nanoparticles comprises a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, cerium-zirconium oxide, cerium-zirconium-lanthanum oxide, cerium-zirconium-yttrium oxide, and cerium-zirconium-lanthanum-yttrium oxide.
12 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage material particles comprise a second metal oxide impregnated with a third metal oxide.
13 . The coated substrate of claim 12 , wherein the second metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide and aluminum oxide stabilized with lanthanum.
14 . The coated substrate of claim 12 , wherein the third metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, cerium-zirconium oxide, cerium-zirconium-lanthanum oxide, cerium-zirconium-yttrium oxide, and cerium-zirconium-lanthanum-yttrium oxide.
15 . The coated substrate of claim 12 , wherein the second metal oxide comprises aluminum oxide stabilized with lanthanum, and the third metal oxide comprises cerium oxide.
16 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first metal oxide particles are between about 500 nm and about 10 microns in diameter.
17 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage particles are between about 500 nm and about 10 microns in diameter.
18 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a cordierite substrate.
19 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the coated substrate is substantially free of rhodium.
20 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage particles further comprise rhodium.
21 . The coated substrate of claim 20 , wherein the rhodium is present in the second zone of the substrate in an amount between about 0.05 g/L and about 0.5 g/L.
22 . The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the coated substrate is substantially free of platinum.
23 - 42 . (canceled)
43 . A method of making a coated substrate for use in a catalytic converter for treatment of gasoline engine exhaust, comprising:
coating a substrate with a first washcoat formulation in a first zone of the substrate, the first washcoat formulation comprising first composite nanoparticles comprising a first catalytic nanoparticle bonded to a first support nanoparticle; and first metal oxide particles impregnated with barium oxide or a barium oxide precursor;
coating the substrate with a second washcoat formulation in a second zone of the substrate, the second washcoat formulation comprising second composite nanoparticles comprising a second catalytic nanoparticle bonded to a second support nanoparticle; and oxygen storage particles;
wherein the first zone and second zone on the substrate do not overlap.
44 - 86 . (canceled)
87 . A coated substrate prepared by the method of claim 43 .
88 . A catalytic converter comprising a coated substrate of claim 1 .
89 . A method of treating exhaust gases from a gasoline engine with the catalytic converter of claim 88 , comprising passing the exhaust gases through the catalytic converter, wherein the exhaust from the gasoline engine contacts the first zone of the coated substrate in the catalytic converter prior to contacting the second zone of the substrate.
90 . A vehicle comprising the catalytic converter of claim 88 .
91 . (canceled)
92 . A gasoline-powered generator comprising the catalytic converter of claim 88 .
93 - 116 . (canceled)