Primer formulations with improved photostability
A primer composition comprising metal oxide particles modified with an alkyltrialkoxy silane; an organic polymer; and a solvent. The weight ratio of alkyltrialkoxy silane to metal particles is at least 0.9:1. The primer compositions produce films having excellent optical and adhesion characteristics.
1. A primer composition comprising:
(a) cerium oxide particles, wherein the surface of the cerium oxide particles is modified with a silane such that the silane is applied directly to the cerium oxide particles surface and the silane is of the formula:
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently chosen from a C1-C10 alkyl;
(b) from about 45 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of an organic polymer based on the dry weight of a film formed from the composition, wherein the organic polymer is chosen from a homopolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a copolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinylbutyral, a poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), or a combination thereof; and
(c) a solvent
wherein the silane is present in an amount of about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the dry weight of a film formed from the composition, and the weight ratio of silane to cerium oxide particles is 0.9:1 to 2:1.
2. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently chosen from a C1-C4 alkyl.
3. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is chosen from an alcohol, an acetone, a ketone, an ether, or a combination thereof.
4. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer is chosen from a homopolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a copolymer of an alkyl acrylate, or a combination thereof.
5. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer is polycarbonate.
6. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer is chosen from a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinylbutyral, or a combination of two or more thereof.
7. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein the cerium oxide particles have a particle size of about 1 nm to about 190 nm.
8. The primer composition of claim 1 , wherein the cerium oxide particles have a particle size of about 10 nm to about 100 nm.
9. A primer composition comprising:
(a) cerium oxide particles, wherein the surface of the cerium oxide particles, is modified with a silane such that the silane is applied directly to the cerium oxide particles surface and the silane is of the formula:
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently chosen from a C1-C10 alkyl;
(b) from about 45 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of an organic polymer based on the dry weight of a film formed from the composition, wherein the organic polymer is chosen from a homopolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a copolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinylbutyral, a poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), or a combination thereof; and
(c) a solvent
wherein the silane is present in an amount of about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the dry weight of a film formed from the composition, and the weight ratio of silane to cerium oxide particles is 0.9:1 to 2:1, and the composition is free of an ionic surfactant.
10. A method of making a primer composition comprising:
combining (a) cerium oxide particles with (b) an organic polymer chosen from a homopolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a copolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinylbutyral, a poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), or a combination thereof and (c) a solvent, wherein the surface of the cerium oxide particles, is modified with a silane such that the silane is applied directly to the cerium oxide particles surface and the silane is of the formula:
where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently chosen from a C1-C10 alkyl, the organic polymer is present in an amount of from about 45 wt. % to about 80 wt. % based on the dry weight of a film formed from the composition, the silane is present in an amount of about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the dry weight of a film formed from the composition, and the weight ratio of silane to cerium oxide particles is 0.9:1 to 2:1.
11. A substrate and a primer film disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate, the primer film comprising:
(a) cerium oxide particles wherein the surface of the cerium oxide particles, is modified with a silane such that the silane is applied directly to the cerium oxide surface and the silane is of the formula:
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently chosen from a C1-C10 alkyl; and
(b) from about 45 wt. % to about 80 wt. % of an organic polymer based on the dry weight of the primer film, wherein the organic polymer is chosen from a homopolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a copolymer of an alkyl acrylate, a polycarbonate, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinylbutyral, a poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), or a combination thereof;
wherein the silane is present in an amount of about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % based on the dry weight of the primer film, and the weight ratio of silane to cerium oxide particles is 0.9:1 to 2:1.
12. The substrate of claim 11 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently chosen from a C1-C4 alkyl.
13. The substrate of claim 11 , wherein the organic polymer is chosen from homo and copolymers of alkyl acrylates, polycarbonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylbutyral, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butyl ene terephthalate), or a combination thereof.
14. The substrate of claim 11 , wherein the primer film comprises (i) the cerium oxide particles in an amount of from about 10 wt. % to about 25 wt. %, and (ii) the silane in an amount of from about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, the wt. % being based on the weight of the dry film, and wherein the weight ratio of silane to cerium oxide particles is 1:1.
15. The substrate of claim 11 , wherein the primer film comprises the cerium oxide particles in an amount of about 10 wt. % to about 20 wt. % and the silane in an amount of from about 10 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, the wt. % being based on the weight of the dry film.
16. The substrate of claim 11 , wherein the substrate is chosen from an acrylic polymer, a polyamide, a polyimide, an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, a styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene terpolymer, a polyvinyl chloride, a polyolefin, a polycarbonate, a copolycarbonate, or a combination thereof.
17. The substrate of claim 11 comprising a silicone hardcoat overlying the primer film.