Plants expressing cell wall degrading enzymes and expression vectors
Vectors for expression of proteins in plants are described. The proteins may be enzymes and the enzymes can be but are not limited to cell wall degrading enzymes. A number of plants designed to express specific cell wall degrading enzymes are provided. The plants may have industrial and/or agricultural applications. Methods and materials for making the expression vectors and for making the plants are provided. Processes for which the plants could be used in industrial and agricultural applications are also provided.
1. A transgenic plant comprising a nucleic acid that encodes a xylanase, wherein the transgenic plant is switchgrass, and the xylanase comprises consists of the amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 44.
2. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the xylanase is expressed in a seed of the switchgrass.
3. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the xylanase is expressed in a compartment of a plant cell of the switchgrass.
4. A method of processing plant biomass comprising:
mixing a plant or part thereof with liquid to form a mixture having a liquid to solid ratio selected from a value from 8 to 10, and maintaining the mixture at a temperature less than or equal to 100° C., wherein the liquid comprises water, ammonium bisulfite and ammonium carbonate; and adding at least one cell wall degrading enzyme to the mixture, wherein the plant is the transgenic plant of claim 1 .
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising heating the mixture to maintain a temperature of 40° C. to 90° C.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the ammonium bisulfite is at a concentration of 8% to 38% on a wt./wt. basis with the plant or part thereof.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the liquid is at a pH of 7.6 to 8.5 and the ammonium carbonate is at a concentration of 4% to 19% on a wt./wt. basis with the plant or part thereof.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the at least one cell wall degrading enzyme is selected from the group consisting of: an endoglucanase, a 6-glucosidase, a cellobiohydrolase, a xylanase, a cellulase, a glucosidase, a xylosidase, an arabinofuronosidase and a ferulic acid esterase.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cell wall degrading enzyme comprises at least one of an endoglucanase, a B-glucosidase and a cellobiohydrolase.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cell wall degrading enzyme comprises a xylanase.