Fluorescence biopsy specimen imager and methods
Biopsy imaging devices with an imaging stage configured to rotate and tilt a biological sample, as well as a method for using it, are described. The stage can use rotating bearings or extendible, telescoping arms. The device has a white light for taking normal pictures and a near-infrared laser light for causing a fluorescence-biomolecule probed sample to fluoresce for fluorescence images in a light-tight housing. A set of both types of pictures are taken from angles around, above, and below the biopsy sample with one or more cameras to generate a 3-D model in a computer of the biopsy with fluorescence markings. The 3-D model can then be rendered and viewed on a display by a surgeon to determine if sufficient margins were removed from the patient.
1. An apparatus for imaging a biological sample with fluorescence, the apparatus comprising:
an imaging stage having a transparent portion for holding at least a portion of a biological sample within an imaging volume;
a first rotary bearing having a first rotational axis configured to project through the imaging volume;
a leg extending between the stage and the first rotary bearing, the leg offsetting the stage from the first rotary bearing;
a second rotary bearing having a second rotational axis configured to project through the imaging volume, the second rotational axis being orthogonal to the first rotational axis;
an armature extending between the first and second rotary bearings;
a visible light source configured to illuminate the imaging volume;
a fluorescence excitation light source configured to illuminate the imaging volume; and
a camera configured to have a depth of focus within the imaging volume.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a computer processor operatively connected with a machine-readable non-transitory medium embodying information indicative of instructions for causing the computer processor to perform operations comprising:
taking reflected light images of a biological sample on the stage using the camera while the visible light source is illuminated;
rotating the stage around angles of the first or second rotational axis between taking the reflected light images, at least one image of the reflected light images taken of the sample through the transparent portion of the stage;
collecting fluorescence images of the biological sample using the camera while the fluorescence excitation light source is illuminated;
turning the stage around the angles of the first or second rotational axis between the fluorescence images, at least one image of the fluorescence images collected of the sample through the transparent portion of the stage; and
rendering an image produced from the reflected light images and the fluorescence images.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the operations further comprise:
constructing a reflected light three-dimensional (3-D) model of the sample using the reflected light images; and
adding fluorescence information to the 3-D model using the fluorescence images, wherein the rendered image is rendered from the 3-D model.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the constructing of the 3-D model from reflected light images includes silhouette modeling.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising:
a frame section adjacent to the transparent portion, wherein the constructing of the reflected light 3-D model includes using the frame section for image registration.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising:
overlaying a reflected light image taken at each angle with a fluorescence image collected at the same angle to render the rendered image.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the operations further comprise normalizing a contrast of the reflected light images with a contrast of the fluorescence images such that the contrasts are relatively equal.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein at each angle a reflected light image is taken and a fluorescence image is collected before rotating and turning the stage to another angle.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the leg extends perpendicularly from a flat surface of the transparent portion to the first rotary bearing.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the leg extends underneath the stage downward toward the first rotary bearing.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the leg extends parallel with a flat surface of the transparent portion to the first rotary bearing.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the entire imaging stage is transparent.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one translational bearing supporting the second rotary bearing, the translational bearing configured to move the stage horizontally in at least one direction.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the translational bearing is configured to move the stage into and out of the imaging volume.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a conveyor system for moving a biological sample onto or off of the stage.
16. An apparatus for imaging a biological sample with fluorescence, the apparatus comprising:
an imaging stage having a transparent portion for holding at least a portion of a biological sample within an imaging volume;
a rotary bearing having a first rotational axis configured to project through the imaging volume;
a leg extending between the stage and the rotary bearing, the leg offsetting the stage from the rotary bearing;
a plurality of extendible arms, each arm have a compressed position and an extended position, the arms connected by pivot points to the rotary bearing, wherein a differential extension of at least one extendible arm from at least one other extendible arm is configured to tilt the stage with respect to a second rotational axis, the second rotational axis being orthogonal to the first rotational axis;
a visible light source configured to illuminate the imaging volume;
a fluorescence excitation light source configured to illuminate the imaging volume; and
a camera configured to have a depth of focus within the imaging volume.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising:
a computer processor operatively connected with a machine-readable non-transitory medium embodying information indicative of instructions for causing the computer processor to perform operations comprising:
taking reflected light images of a biological sample on the stage using the camera while the visible light source is illuminated;
rotating the stage around angles of the first or second rotational axis between taking the reflected light images, at least one image of the reflected light images taken of the sample through the transparent portion of the stage;
collecting fluorescence images of the biological sample using the camera while the fluorescence excitation light source is illuminated;
turning the stage around the angles of the first or second rotational axis between the fluorescence images, at least one image of the fluorescence images collected of the sample through the transparent portion of the stage; and
rendering an image produced from the reflected light images and the fluorescence images.