Long-stroke pumping unit
A long-stroke pumping unit for driving rod includes a tower and a counterweight assembly movable along the tower. A crown is mounted atop the tower, and a sprocket is supported by the crown and rotatable relative to the crown. A belt connects the counterweight assembly to the rod. The unit further includes a motor having a stator mounted to the crown and a rotor torsionally connected to the sprocket. A sensor is used to detect a position of the counterweight assembly. The pumping unit may include a dynamic control system for controlling a speed of a motor.
1. A pumping unit, comprising:
a prime mover for reciprocating a rod string;
a tower;
a counterweight assembly movable along the tower;
a crown mounted atop the tower;
a belt having a first end connected to the counterweight assembly and having a second end connectable to the rod string; and
a dynamic control system for controlling a speed of the prime mover and comprising:
a load cell for measuring force exerted on the rod string;
a sensor for detecting position of the rod string, wherein the sensor is operable to detect a position of the rod string by detecting a position of the counterweight assembly;
an accelerometer for measuring vibration of the rod string or of a production string;
a meter for measuring power consumed by the prime mover; and
a controller operable to:
determine position of and load on a downhole pump connected to the rod string and the production string;
determine acceptability of two or more parameters of the pumping unit;
select a prime objective based on a hierarchy of the parameters and the acceptability of the parameters;
determine an upstroke speed, a downstroke speed, and turnaround accelerations and decelerations for the prime objective; and
monitor for failure of the rod string or belt and control descent of the counterweight assembly in response to detection of the failure.
2. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the accelerometer is integrated within the load cell for measuring the vibration of the rod string.
3. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the accelerometer is a dual axis microelectromechanical system.
4. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is an ultrasonic rangefinder comprising a long range transducer and a short range transducer.
5. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) comprising:
a string connected to the counterweight assembly and wound onto a spool;
a screw shaft engaged with a thread of the spool;
an LVDT core mounted to the screw shaft; and
an LVDT body at least partially receiving the LVDT core.
6. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further operable to monitor for failure or imminent failure of the pumping unit and to:
a. shut down the pumping unit in response to detection of the failure or imminent failure, or
b. operate the pumping unit using an emergency hierarchy and emergency acceptability values in response to detection of the failure or imminent failure.
7. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the two or more parameters are selected from a group consisting of: production rate, efficiency, fillage of the downhole pump, fluid level of the downhole pump, static and dynamic stress of the rod string, torque and torque factor of the prime mover, vibration of the rod string, vibration of the production string, reciprocation speed of the rod string, fluid velocity in the production string, drag of production fluid on the rod string, and gas-oil ratio of the production fluid.
8. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the accelerometer is mounted on a tubular body for assembly as part of the production string.
9. The unit of claim 1 , wherein:
the prime mover is an electric three phase motor, and
the dynamic control system further comprises a three phase variable speed motor driver.
10. The unit of claim 1 , further comprising
a drive sprocket torsionally connected to the prime mover;
an idler sprocket connected to the tower;
a chain for orbiting around the sprockets; and
a carriage for longitudinally connecting the counterweight assembly to the chain while allowing relative transverse movement of the chain relative to the counterweight assembly.
11. The unit of claim 1 , further comprising a drum supported by the crown and rotatable relative thereto, wherein the belt extends over the drum.
12. The unit of claim 11 , wherein the accelerometer is integrated within the load cell for measuring the vibration of the rod string.
13. The unit of claim 12 , wherein the sensor is an ultrasonic rangefinder comprising a long range transducer and a short range transducer.
14. The unit of claim 13 , further comprising
a drive sprocket torsionally connected to the prime mover;
an idler sprocket connected to the tower;
a chain for orbiting around the sprockets; and
a carriage for longitudinally connecting the counterweight assembly to the chain while allowing relative transverse movement of the chain relative to the counterweight assembly.
15. The unit of claim 1 , wherein the controller is a programmable logic controller, application-specific integrated circuit, or field-programmable gate array.
16. A pumping unit, comprising:
a prime mover for reciprocating a rod string;
a tower;
a counterweight assembly movable along the tower;
a crown mounted atop the tower;
a belt having a first end connected to the counterweight assembly and having a second end connectable to the rod string; and
a dynamic control system for controlling a speed of the prime mover and comprising:
a load cell for measuring force exerted on the rod string;
a sensor for detecting position of the rod string, wherein the sensor is operable to detect a position of the rod string by detecting a position of the counterweight assembly and wherein the sensor is a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) comprising:
a string connected to the counterweight assembly and wound onto a spool;
a screw shaft engaged with a thread of the spool;
an LVDT core mounted to the screw shaft; and
an LVDT body at least partially receiving the LVDT core;
an accelerometer for measuring vibration of the rod string or of a production string;
a meter for measuring power consumed by the prime mover; and
a controller operable to:
determine position of and load on a downhole pump connected to the rod string and the production string;
determine acceptability of two or more parameters of the pumping unit;
select a prime objective based on a hierarchy of the parameters and the acceptability of the parameters; and
determine an upstroke speed, a downstroke speed, and turnaround accelerations and decelerations for the prime objective.
17. The unit of claim 16 , wherein the accelerometer is integrated within the load cell for measuring the vibration of the rod string.
18. The unit of claim 17 , wherein the sensor is an ultrasonic rangefinder comprising a long range transducer and a short range transducer.
19. The unit of claim 18 , further comprising
a drive sprocket torsionally connected to the prime mover;
an idler sprocket connected to the tower;
a chain for orbiting around the sprockets; and
a carriage for longitudinally connecting the counterweight assembly to the chain while allowing relative transverse movement of the chain relative to the counterweight assembly.