Methods for controlling sex of oviparous embryos using light sources
The sex of embryos in eggs is influenced or controlled through the application of light having selected wavelengths in order to promote the development of embryos of a selected sex. An incubating device is provided having an interior cavity that can be sealed from an outside, and having a plurality of lighting elements disposed on each of a plurality of trays disposed in the interior cavity. Eggs are disposed on the trays, and pre-determined environmental conditions are applied to the interior cavity to promote hatching of the eggs. Concurrently with the application of the environmental conditions, the eggs are irradiated according to pre-determined lighting conditions. The lighting conditions include applying light having wavelengths substantially concentrated in selected ranges, such as light wavelengths within the 390-419 nm, 410-450 nm, 420-450 nm, 450-495 nm, or other narrow range.
1. An incubating device comprising:
a body having an interior cavity;
a plurality of trays disposed in the interior cavity and configured to receive eggs for incubation;
a plurality of lighting elements configured to emit light having a spectrum substantially concentrated within a pre-determined wavelength range and positioned to emit the light for irradiating the eggs, wherein the plurality of lighting elements comprises: (i) a first set of lighting elements having a selected narrow range of wavelengths including a spectrum substantially concentrated within a blue wavelength range to promote a particular sex ratio of embryos in the eggs; and (ii) a second set of lighting elements emitting light having the spectrum substantially concentrated within a red wavelength range to promote hatchability of the eggs;
the plurality of lighting elements arranged in pairs of lighting elements on at least one surface of each tray of the plurality of trays with each pair of lighting elements including at least one lighting element from the first set of lighting elements and at least one lighting element from the second set of lighting elements, wherein the pairs of lighting elements are disposed proximate to slots formed in the plurality of trays to receive the eggs for incubation; and
a lighting controller electrically connected to the plurality of lighting elements and configured to activate the plurality of lighting elements according to a pre-determined schedule to irradiate the eggs with the light at a pre-determined lighting intensity.
2. The incubating device of claim 1 wherein the lighting controller is configured to control the predetermined lighting intensity of the plurality of lighting elements to promote hatchability of the eggs.
3. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the pre-determined schedule includes activation of the plurality of lighting elements for a continuous period of time more than one day in length.
4. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the pre-determined schedule includes activation of the plurality of lighting elements for a time-varying basis over the course of one day in length.
5. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to dim the plurality of lighting elements to promote hatchability of the eggs.
6. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to synchronously activate the plurality of lighting elements to promote hatchability of the eggs.
7. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to activate the first set of lighting elements from the plurality of lighting elements for a first period of time and to activate the second set of lighting elements from the plurality of lighting elements for a second period of time to promote hatchability of the eggs.
8. The incubating device of claim 7 , wherein the first period of time and the second period of time are different.
9. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to prevent emission of wavelengths of light from the plurality of lighting elements not within the pre-determined wavelength range.
10. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to select the pre-determined wavelength range to promote the particular sex ratio of embryos in the eggs.
11. The incubating device of claim 10 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to select the pre-determined wavelength range to be 410-450 nm to promote a higher female-to-male sex ratio of embryos in the eggs, and to select the pre-determined wavelength range to be 450-495 nm to promote a higher male-to-female sex ratio of embryos in the eggs.
12. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein the lighting controller is configured to select the pre-determined wavelength range to be 410-450 nm to promote a higher female-to-male sex ratio of embryos in the eggs, and to select the pre-determined wavelength range to be 450-495 nm to promote a higher male-to-female sex ratio of embryos in the eggs.
13. The incubating device of claim 1 , comprising the plurality of lighting elements arranged in the pairs of lighting elements on multiple surfaces of each tray of the plurality of trays.
14. The incubating device of claim 1 , wherein each pair of the pairs of lighting elements arranged on the at least one surface are positioned to irradiate multiple eggs disposed in the slots formed in the plurality of trays.